A Study of the Tribological Properties of Sputter-deposited MoSX/Cr Coatings

Authors

1 Department of Metallurgy and Materials science, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd., Kerman, Iran

2 School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this investigation, MoSx/Cr coatings were deposited by direct-current magnetron sputter onto Ck45 (AISI 1045) plain carbon steel substrates. The MoSx/Cr ratio in the coatings was controlled by sputtering the composite targets. The chemical characterization was performed using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis); the structural characterization was accomplished by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The mechanical properties of coatings were analyzed by nanoindentation experiments. The tribological behavior of the coatings was investigated using the pin on disc test at room temperature. MoSx/Cr coatings with Cr atomic percentage of 13% was found to possess the optimum wear resistance and durability. The MoSx/Cr coatings showed a maximum hardness of 12.5 GPa at a dopant content of 13 at.% Cr. Moreover, the films exhibited a steady state friction coefficient from 0.15 to 0.19 and the main wear mechanisms of the MoSx/Cr coating in air were abrasive, adhesive, and oxidation.

Keywords


1.     Clauss, F.J., "Solid lubricants and self-lubricating solids, Elsevier,  (2012).
2.     Lansdown, A.R., "Molybdenum disulphide lubrication, Elsevier,  Vol. 35,  (1999).
3.     Miyoshi, K., "Solid lubrication fundamentals and applications, CRC Press,  (2001).
4.     Vasilyeva, I.G., Asanov, I.P. and Kulikov, L.M., "Experiments and consideration about surface nonstoichiometry of few-layer mos2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,  Vol. 119, No. 40, (2015), 23259-23267.
5.     Dimigen, H., Hübsch, H., Willich, P. and Reichelt, K., "Stoichiometry and friction properties of sputtered mosx layers", Thin Solid Films,  Vol. 129, No. 1-2, (1985), 79-91.
6.     Yin, Z., Chen, B., Bosman, M., Cao, X., Chen, J., Zheng, B. and Zhang, H., "Au nanoparticle‐modified MoS2 nanosheet‐based photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting", Small,  Vol. 10, No. 17, (2014), 3537-3543.
7.     Scharf, T., Goeke, R., Kotula, P. and Prasad, S., "Synthesis of Au– MoS2 nanocomposites: Thermal and friction-induced changes to the structure", ACS applied Materials & Interfaces,  Vol. 5, No. 22, (2013), 11762-11767.
8.     Jianxin, D., Wenlong, S., Hui, Z. and Jinlong, Z., "Performance of pvd MoS2/zr-coated carbide in cutting processes", International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,  Vol. 48, No. 14, (2008), 1546-1552.
9.     Wenlong, S., Jianxin, D., Hui, Z. and Pei, Y., "Study on cutting forces and experiment of MoS2/Zr-coated cemented carbide tool", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,  Vol. 49, No. 9-12, (2010), 903-909.
10.   Zhang, Y., Shockley, J.M., Vo, P. and Chromik, R.R., "Tribological behavior of a cold-sprayed Cu– MoS2 composite coating during dry sliding wear", Tribology Letters,  Vol. 62, No. 1, (2016), 9.
11.   Aouadi, S.M., Paudel, Y., Luster, B., Stadler, S., Kohli, P., Muratore, C., Hager, C. and Voevodin, A.A., "Adaptive Mo2N/ MoS2/Ag tribological nanocomposite coatings for aerospace applications", Tribology Letters,  Vol. 29, No. 2, (2008), 95-103.
12.   Arslan, E., Totik, Y., Bayrak, O., Efeoglu, I. and Celik, A., "High temperature friction and wear behavior of MoS2/NB coating in ambient air", Journal of Coatings Technology and Research,  Vol. 7, No. 1, (2010), 131-138.
13.   Bhushan, B., "Introduction to tribology, John Wiley & Sons,  (2013).
14.   Rigato, V., Maggioni, G., Patelli, A., Boscarino, D., Renevier, N. and Teer, D., "Properties of sputter-deposited MoS2/metal composite coatings deposited by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating", Surface and Coatings Technology,  Vol. 131, No. 1-3, (2000), 206-210.
15.   Ding, X.-z., Zeng, X., He, X. and Chen, Z., "Tribological properties of Cr-and Ti-doped MoS2 composite coatings under different humidity atmosphere", Surface and Coatings Technology,  Vol. 205, No. 1, (2010), 224-231.
16.   Hui, Z., Jun, Z., Qing-ping, W., Zhi-hua, W. and Rui-peng, S., "The effect of Ti content on the structural and mechanical properties of MoS2-Ti composite coatings deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system", Target,  Vol. 5, (2011), 0-5.
17.   Kao, W., "Tribological properties and high speed drilling application of MoS2–cr coatings", Wear,  Vol. 258, No. 5-6, (2005), 812-825.
18.   Yongliang, L. and Sunkyu, K., "Microstructural and tribological behavior of tialn/ MoS2-Ti coatings", Rare Metals,  Vol. 25, No. 4, (2006), 326-330.
19.   Pharr, G. and Oliver, W., "Measurement of thin film mechanical properties using nanoindentation", Mrs Bulletin,  Vol. 17, No. 7, (1992), 28-33.
20.   Wieers, E., "Bipolar pulsed sputtering of mosx coatings: Plasma diagnostics, micro-structural and tribological study", UHasselt Diepenbeek,  (2002),
21.   Kim, S.K., Ahn, Y.H. and Kim, K.H., " MoS2-Ti composite coatings on tool steel by dc magnetron sputtering", Surface and Coatings Technology,  Vol. 169, (2003), 428-432.
22.   Seitzman, L., Bolster, R., Singer, I. and Wegand, J., "Relationship of endurance to microstructure of ibad MoS2 coatings", Tribology Transactions,  Vol. 38, No. 2, (1995), 445-451.
23.   Yang, J.-F., Parakash, B., Hardell, J. and Fang, Q.-F., "Tribological properties of transition metal di-chalcogenide based lubricant coatings", Frontiers of Materials Science,  Vol. 6, No. 2, (2012), 116-127.
24.   Fleischauer, P.D. and Lince, J.R., "A comparison of oxidation and oxygen substitution in MoS2 solid film lubricants", Tribology International,  Vol. 32, No. 11, (1999), 627-636.
25.   Kim, S.-S., Ahn, C.-W. and Kim, T.-H., "Tribological characteristics of magnetron sputtered MoS2 films in various atmospheric conditions", KSME International Journal,  Vol. 16, No. 9, (2002), 1065-1071.
26.   Su, Y.-L. and Kao, W.-H., "Tribological behaviour and wear mechanism of MoS2–Cr coatings sliding against various counterbody", Tribology International,  Vol. 36, No. 1, (2003), 11-23.
27.   Renevier, N., Fox, V., Teer, D. and Hampshire, J., "Coating characteristics and tribological properties of sputter-deposited MoS2/metal composite coatings deposited by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating", Surface and Coatings Technology,  Vol. 127, No. 1, (2000), 24-37.