Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Department of mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies
2
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies (PSLH), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies (PSLH), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies (PSLH), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
5
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu City, Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies
Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with two continents and an ocean, where it produces abundant marine products and the second largest marine source in the world, such as cuttlefish. Besides, it was for food, cuttlefish also produced shells as waste. Actually, this waste has been used for animal feed but in small scale. Others are still waste and cause pollution if not handled properly. Cuttlefish shell waste (CSW) is the basic ingredient for making hydroxyapatite (HA), while it is the main bone compound. Meanwhile, HA demand in the market is very high due to bone defects. The novelty of the research was to fulfil the increasing need for HA at low price and prevent air, water, and soil pollution by using circular economic principles (reused), and it has economic value. Synthesis HA was used microwave hydrothermal method. The CSW and coral were obtained from the pet market in Yogyakarta. They were crushed and calcined to the temperature of 900oC to obtain calcium oxide (CaO). Then, CaO was synthesized by microwave hydrothermal to obtain HA powder. Synthetic HA was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Ca/P ratio of HA CSW and coral are 1.7 and 1.87 respectively. Moreover, coral HA has higher crystallinity than CSW (48%). The TGA shows that the highest weight loss occurred in HA CSW (16.57%). The conclusion is that CSW and coral are sources of raw materials to produce HA
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