eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
77
80
71061
Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Pilot Scale Tricking Filter
Iran Alemzadeh
alemzadeh@sharif.ir
1
M. Vossoughi
vosoughi@sharif.edu
2
Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
A pilot scale trickling filter and secondary sedimentation are used to evaluate the feasibility of this process for the treatment of raw dairy waste. The BOD in the raw waste of 252 to 1200 mg/l is reduced 50-73% by a single stage and a further 17-55% by sedimentation tank. Treatment efficiencies are determined at various waste strengths and influent flow rates. With a loading rate of 5-12 kg BOD/m3 per day the average BOD reduction is between 50-60%. The average effluent suspended solid is 15 mg/I and lactose is removed completely hut total nitrogen is reduced approximately 30% for the entire study.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71061_ac79aa4e85baaba084d74d38d264ddb1.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
81
90
71062
Computer Aided Design for Single-Phase Induction Motors Based on a New Gemoetrical Approach
Jawad. Faiz
jfaiz@ut.ac.ir
1
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran
Design of electrical motors normally involves two main stages: i) Preparation of the main dimensions and parameters. ii) Prediction of the performance. At the first stage the main dimensions of the motor, core stack Lfe and stator outer diameter Do, must be chosen. A set of performance conditions such as breakdown torque, desired output and other important parameters must satisfy the international standard requirements or the specific requirements of the electric motor manufacturer. In order to meet the design objectives regarding the performance, the dimensions and the construction types are chosen, and then the cost within the constraints are imposed by manufacturing standard. The output of an electrical machine can be generally expressed as the product of Lfe, Do and a coefficient Co. at the beginning of the design process, the designer does not know a number of the required parameters, which are incorporated in Co, but these parameters may be determined based on the performance calculations. The present paper considers the various factors affecting the choice of iron and copper volume in the motor. It shows how the geometrical parameters can alter the performance of the motor.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71062_33f37c66163e2cce03720b3543a17780.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
91
98
71063
Basic Issues in Identification Scheme of a Self-Tuning Power System Stabilizer
H. Seifi
seifi_ho@modares.ac.ir
1
Electerical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University
Power system stabilizers have been widely used and successfully implemented for the improvement of power system damping. However, a fixed parameter power system stabilizer tends to be sensitive to variations in generator dynamics so that, for operating conditions away from those used for design, the effectiveness of the stabilizer can be greatly impaired. With the advent of microprocessor technology an adaptive controller, a controller which adapts itself to the changes in system dynamic characteristics, offers an attractive proposition in power system control. The heart of the so-called an adaptive self-tuning power system stabilizer is its identification scheme by which unknown system controller parameters are estimated. This paper addresses some of the basic issues in implementation of a recursive least square estimator, when applied to an unknown power system. Digital simulation results are presented.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71063_6f31300a4cdfd07be791e3a25e13fe63.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
99
104
71064
Thermodynamic Investigation of Copper Removal From Liquid Slag.
M. H. Abbasi
abbasi32@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
The removal of copper dissolved in liquid stags by pyrometalIurgical means such as gaseous reduction and sulfidization is thermodynamically investigated. The lowest level possible for copper content is theoretically determined and compared. The results show that gaseous reduction is not as effective as sulfidization. Slags with very low levels of dissolved copper can be obtained with sulfide treatment. Effects of temperature, slag and matte composition have also been investigated.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71064_373a4fe615e911b5aee498398620f9da.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
105
112
71065
The Effects of ZrO2 or Tic on the Performance of the Alumina-Based Ceramic Cutting Tools
M.R. Piramoon
hasnomail@ije.ir
1
A. Kianvash
akianvash@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz
Two types of alumina-based cutting tools with compositions of 90 vol.% Al2O3+10 vol.% ZrO2 and 80 vol.% A12O3+20 vol.% TiC are produced by isostatic pressing and sintering technique. The effects of these additives on the mechanical properties and cutting performance of these materials are investigated. The tool life in both materials is examined under identical conditions on cutting a grey cast Iron of grade 14. At a cutting speed of 550 m/min., a feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev., and a cutting depth of 2 mm, the material containing TiC with an optimal tool life of 27 minutes, is found to be superior to the ZrO2 containing material which had an optimal tool life of 25 minutes. The possible role of these additives on the performance of these materials are discussed.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71065_52990b715e8e0d0d4f765814d44d4c0e.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
113
118
71066
Theoretical, Scientific and Practical Aspects of the Basic Stages of Cad Cam Designing of Centrifugal Pumps
V. Karakhanjan
hasnomail@ije.ir
1
, GIDR0MASH Concern, 2 Vtoraya Mytischinskaya UL.
Many theoretical and practical problems arise at different stages of the design/manufacturing process during development of a pump. The experience obtained in pump development proves that the quality of a pump depends on many factors, which should he satisfied to receive good results. At the same time, the theory of engineering design principles exists, which is applicable to designing various objects. The said theory can show the optimal way fulfill the task [1,2]. There is a great need in a special advanced pump designing theory which would include all the features required for this branch of industry. The described approach should also combine sufficiently high theoretical level with practice. The presented paper is an attempt to find on invariant abstract solution for certain procedures related to structural analysis and design of pump parts, groups of parts and assemblies.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71066_36234906ef8c19dadee705ff1baa4169.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
119
128
71067
Comparision of Perforation Theories and Some Experimental Results
G. Liaghat
ghlia530@modares.ac.ir
1
Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University
In this paper it is shown that the variety of mathematical models proposed, such as Nishiwaki [1], Recht and Ipson [2], Lambert and Jonas [3], Awerbuch and Bodrer [4], Nixdorf [5] and the modified analysis given by the author in earlier papers [6,7] almost all adhere to one basic form This shows clearly the relationship between the striking velocity WI, the residual velocity Wf, and the ballistic limit velocity WB It is also shown that in the case of modified analysis [6,7] Equation (1) may be easily applied to the preformation of double and multilayer targets. The computed results also shown a good correlation with experiments.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71067_a76379e9f49a7249fa39611ca00ccfa9.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
129
136
71068
Dual-Fuelling of a Direct-Injection Automotive Diesel Engine by Diesel-Gas Method
A. Mohammadi Kosha
hasnomail@ije.ir
1
V. Pirouzpanah
pirouz@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
, University of Tabriz
Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz
Use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in compression-ignition (C-I) engines has always been considered important in the diesel engineering field. This is due to its easy accessibility and good combustion characteristics. In this paper the application of LPG fuel along with diesel oil in a direct- injection automotive diesel engine is experimentally investigated. In order to convert the pure diesel engine into a diesel-gas one, a carbureted LPG fuel system has been designed and fitted into the engine. Then by means of a system of rods, the LPG system is linked to the diesel fuel injection system. The dual- fuel system is adjusted so that, at full load conditions, the quantity of diesel oil is reduced to 70%, and 30% of its equivalent energy is substituted by LPG fuel. Performance tests conducted under various loads and speeds on both diesel and diesel-gas engines, show that with equal power the diesel-gas engine has the potential to improve overall engine performance. For example, within useful speed range, its fuel economy increases by 2-5% and the amount of smoke and mean exhaust gas temperature are reduced by 25-48% and 3.5 -7.2% respectively. Also various proportions of LPG and diesel oil are investigated. It is found that the ratio of 30% LPG/70% diesel oil is the most suitable one. The experimental results verify the predicted results, obtained from a diesel-gas engine cycle model.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71068_309b9ddb3a65fcc45289fd003af2d1ce.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
137
138
71069
Modified Kremser Equation for Plate Type Gas Absorberin Non-Isothermal Operation (RESEARCH NOTE).
M. Chalkosh Amiri
amir33@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
For non-isothermal operation in plate type gas absorber, the temperature changes and number of ideal trays can be determined with recourse to graphical method. In this paper there is an analysis illustrating that a Modified Kremser Equation can be used for plate type gas absorber in non-isothermal operation.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71069_ff3033ada6f69f6901596548bfed9c97.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
139
140
71070
Evaluation of Scattering Parameters (RESEARCH NOTE).
S.M. Hosseini
shossein@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
1
Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
A simple algorithm is presented for evaluating scattering parameters of a two-port network. This technique uses the indefinite admittance matrix to calculate scattering or any other desired set of two-port parameters.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71070_99edf860e8c1053034b3b4fdfde732a2.pdf
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
1992-11-01
5
3
141
144
71071
Computer Simulation of the Performances of Solar Ponds in Iran (RESEARCH NOTE).
A.R. Toutounchi
ali_akbarzadeh@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
1
Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
The Rab1-Nielsen formulas are used to make predictions for solar pond operations for four locations situated in different solar insulation zones in Iran. The inputs to the computer program for determining the temperature variation at the bottom of the pond are the total insulation (corrected for cloudiness). ambient temperature, insolating layer thickness, convection layer thickness and load. The mean, the amplitude of the varying part, and the phase of the temperature at the bottom is the output of the program. The computer simulations show that solar ponds may be promising as solar collectors for space heating in most parts of Iran.
https://www.ije.ir/article_71071_c9071c62a9a3e0f7a42380c390179b36.pdf