eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
1
7
72642
Effect of Particle Size of NaX Zeolite on Adsorption of CO2/CH4
Mansoor Anbia
anbia@iust.ac.ir
1
Atieh Eskandari
2
mansoor Jahangiri
mjahangiri@semnan.ac.ir
3
Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Iran University of Science and Technology
, Semnan University, Semnan, I.R. Iran
Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Eng., Semnan University
In the present work, the nano-NaX zeolite and micro-NaX zeolite were synthesized via hydrothermal method. Then, the adsorption capacities and isotherms of pure gases CO2 and CH4 on the synthesized zeolite nanoparticles were determined at three temperatures of 288, 298 and 308 K and various pressures from 1 up to 20 bar. Adsorption capacities of CO2 on the nano-sized zeolites NaX were showed to be higher than CH4. The selectivity of CO2/CH4 of the nano-sized zeolites NaX was 5.47 at 288 K and pressure about 20 bar. The results of the experimental data follows the Langmuir-Frendlich adsorption isotherm. Reduction of the particle size from micrometer to nanometer results in increasing the adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide on the X zeolite nanoparticles about 28% (from 5.067 to 6.536 mmol/g) at 288 K and 20 bar.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72642_2f847ad9956cfb22e09a9e2db57e90f7.pdf
Adsorption
Carbon dioxide capture
Nanoparticle
Nano
sized zeolite NaX
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
8
13
72643
Earthquake Evaluation of the Non Structural Elements in a Thermal Power Plant
F. Nateghi
nateghi@iiees.ac.ir
1
structure, IIEES
Non Structural elements such as mechanical, electrical and architectural elements always posses serious damage potentials during earthquakes. Degree of damage imposed by the non structural elements is not usually measured by the physical damages caused, but more so by the amount of the economical and functional disruptions created in a built environment. This phenomenon is enhanced where the functional performance criteria used for the specific site should be of higher standards, meaning for example the “immediate use” criteria. In order to account for this sort of possible interruptions and plan for the worst case scenario during an earthquake in a thermal power plant in Iran, a study was carried out to evaluate the seismic vulnerability status of non structural components of the main control building in this power plant. Level one and two assessment methods, namely; rapid and detailed evaluations were used. Three main documents considered for this evaluation were the MCEER and FEMA-310 and FEMA-356 recommendations. The method used and the results obtained which are classified into four hazard levels namely; very high, high, intermediate and low are to be presented in this paper.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72643_f770b4d3d9107f36ec0a16c540c298e6.pdf
Earthquake
evaluation
Nonstructural
Power plant
Equipment
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
14
22
72644
Flow Variables Prediction Using Experimental, Computational Fluid Dynamic and Artificial Neural Network Models in a Sharp Bend
Azadeh Gholami
gholamiazadeh1@gmail.com
1
Hossein Bonakdari
bonakdari@yahoo.com
2
Salma Ajeel Fenjan
salma.civil66@gmail.com
3
Ali Akbar Akhtari
akhtari@razi.ac.ir
4
Civil Engieering, Razi University
Civil Engieering, Razi University
Civil Engieering, Razi University
Civil Engieering, Razi University
Bend existence induces changes in the flow pattern, velocity profiles and water surface. In the present study, based on experimental data, first three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is simulated by using Fluent two-phase (water + air) as the free surface and the volume of fluid method, to predict the two significant variables (velocity and channel bed pressure) in 90º sharp bend. The CFD results are compared with experimental data, and CFD model is verified with average RMSE, 0.02 and 0.13 and MAE, 0.018 and 0.1 respectively for the velocity and the pressure. Then, two multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) model is trained by observed datas. The results show that the value of R2, 0.984 and 0.99 respectively to predict the velocity of flow and pressure by ANN models are acceptable accuracy. ANN model acts more accurately with average erro value of MAE, 0.048 than the CFD model with average MAE, 0.06 to predict the velocity and pressure. The velocity and pressure pattern of flow is predictable through both numerical models, CFD and ANN models in every part of the channel.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72644_fbe430aba1e77639de2095790037608d.pdf
CFD model
ANN model
90º sharp bend
Flow Velocity
flow pressure
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
23
30
72645
Seismic Design of Steel Structures Based on Ductility and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Vafa Morsali
vafa.morsali@yahoo.com
1
F. Behnamfar
farhad@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Hossein Kermani
h_kermany@yahoo.com
3
civil engineering, IAU
Civilengineering, Isfahan University
In this paper a simple tool for seismic design of steel structures for a selected ductility level is presented. For this purpose, a consistent set of earthquakes is selected and sorted based on the maximum acceleration of ground surface. The selected records are applied as the base motion to a single-degree-of-freedom system with strain hardening and the maximum response acceleration is determined for three levels of ductility. The response results of the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis are presented in the shape of the maximum acceleration of the system versus the peak ground acceleration for a certain ductility demand. Using these graphs, the maximum acceleration and base shear of the system are calculated accounting for its nonlinear behavior, hence eliminating the need for the response modification factor. This is the main advantage of the presented diagrams for nonlinear seismic design of steel moment frames.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72645_a831f4403e4a1297d35e0d44e88e397e.pdf
Ductility
Incremental Dynamic Analysis
Seismic Design
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
31
39
72646
An Adaptive Hierarchical Method Based on Wavelet and Adaptive Filtering for MRI Denoising
Vahid Hajihashemi
hajihashemi.vahid@yahoo.com
1
Keivan Borna
borna@ipm.ir
2
Computer Engineering, Kharazmi University
Computer Science, Kharazmi University
MRI is one of the most powerful techniques to study the internal structure of the body. MRI image quality is affected by various noises. Noises in MRI are usually thermal and mainly due to the motion of charged particles in the coil. Noise in MRI images also cause a limitation in the study of visual images as well as computer analysis of the images. In this paper, first, it is proved that probability density function (PDF) of MRI Images is rician because of the process of image capturing and MRI hardware. Based on the review of later works in this area, it is determined that rician denoising in wavelet domain is better. It was concluded that the remaining noise in the final output of the conventional methods of wavelet domain, is Gaussian and can be greatly reduced with a Gaussian adaptive filter. In the proposed method the histogram of input and output image difference in first step of denoising routine is using for an adaptive estimation of remained Gaussian noise in output. Based on this estimation, a Gaussian filter designed and the output image was filtered again. The results showed that the final image quality will improve considerably. Rather than visual criteria, for proving the improvement the SSIM between main and filtered image is shown. In similar situations, the proposed algorithm is always better than the others.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72646_c9b61a18de0e671d1cb166b7a65c9f52.pdf
adaptive filtering
Denoising
Gaussian pdf
MRI
rician pdf
SSIM
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
40
48
72647
Grid-price-dependent Energy Management of a Building Supplied by a Multisource System Integrated with Hydrogen
Mohsen mohammadian
m.mohammadian@uk.ac.ir
1
Mehdi Rouholamini
mehdi.amini82@yahoo.com
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
This paper studies power management in a grid-tied hybrid energy system consisting of photovoltaic array, wind turbine, fuel cell, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank and a combinational heating system to supply the thermal and electrical demand of a building. Moreover, the hybrid system is capable of exchanging power with local grid. Thus, variable daily buying and selling tariffs are also taken into account so as to cover a wide range of operational conditions. The thermal demand is supplied by both electric heating system and the fuel cell exhaust heat. The paper formulates the matter in the form of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem and then evaluates several well-known heuristic optimization techniques. The performance of each of these algorithms is discussed in detail and the elite algorithm is introduced. Furthermore, the effect of the initial charge of the hydrogen storage tank on total operation cost and also charge remained are fully discussed. In order to fulfill this intention, a novel criterion is presented to determine the optimal initial charge. Finally, the price fluctuations of tank-stored hydrogen are examined. The validation of the results will be implemented based on simulations.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72647_11dbf44ae4a7e3bb5154caa02ba1ef2f.pdf
Hybrid system
Power management
Fuel Cell
Electrolyzer
Wind Turbine
Photovoltaic array
Interior search algorithm
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
49
52
72648
Fractal Bandpass Filter Using Y-shaped Dual-Mode Resonator for C-Band Receiver (Research Note)
Fatemeh Sabaghi
samen_26@yahoo.com
1
Gholamreza Karimi
ghkarimi@razi.ac.ir
2
Elec., Kermanshah AZAD uNIVERSITY
2Electrical Engineering Department, Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran
In this study, a fractal, Y-shaped dual-mode resonator bandpass filter (BPF) with input-output cross-coupling is introduced. A parallel-coupling feed structure with a cross coupling has been used to generate two transmission zeroes (TZs) near the lower and upper cutoff frequency that can effectively improve the passband edge selectivity. Also, a fractal shaped based on conventional diamond and square is located. Current density and equivalent model is also given depending on the odd/even excitation resonance condition. The demonstrated filter with a compact size of 0.5*18.3mm2 exhibits a fractal bandwidth of 67% centred as 6GHz(f0) within the 4 to 8GHz bandwidth and minimum insertion loss of 0.3 dB, maximum return loss of 13,15.7dB and flat group delay around 0.3ns that is candidate for use in commercial communications satellites(C-Band).
https://www.ije.ir/article_72648_f89576b7be431b1f41c657c0eed40548.pdf
Bandpass Filter
Y
shaped Resonator
Fractal Shaped
Dual mode
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
53
59
72649
High-Performance Robust Three-Axis Finite-Time Attitude Control Approach Incorporating Quaternion Based Estimation Scheme to Overactuated Spacecraft
Amir Hooshang Mazinan
ahmazinan@gmail.com
1
Electrical Engineering, Azad University
With a focus on investigations in the area of overactuated spacecraft, a new high-performance robust three-axis finite-time attitude control approach, which is organized in connection with the quaternion based estimation scheme is proposed in the present research with respect to state-of-the-art. The approach proposed here is realized based upon double closed loops to deal with the angular rates of the system, in the inner loop, and also the rotational angles of the system in line with the corresponding quaternion, in the outer loop, synchronously. With this goal, a combination of the linear and its non-linear terms through the sliding mode control approach and also the proportional derivative based linear quadratic regulator control approach is organized. There is the white measurement noise to be realized the outcomes in such real situations, where it is coped with through the optimal estimation scheme to be designed, correspondingly. The investigated results are organized with regard to the pulse modulation synthesis through the technique of the pulse width pulse frequency to manage a set of on-off reaction thrusters, as long as the control allocation is employed to handle the aforementioned overactuated system under control. The effectiveness of the approach investigated is finally considered in line with a series of the experiments to be tangibly verified.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72649_b2fe3e9dfe08bd96feef9a0611ec557a.pdf
Robust Finite
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
60
67
72650
Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide-Modified Montmorillonite as a Low-Cost Sorbent for the Removal of Methyl Red from Liquid-Medium
Sara Heidari
s.heidari@yahoo.com
1
Hassan Basiri
h.basiri29@gmail.com
2
Heshmatollah Nourmoradi
h.nour@yahoo.com
3
Bahram Kamareei
b_kamareei@yahoo.com
4
yusef omidi
yusef_omidi@yahoo.com
5
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) modified by a cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, HDTMA) was used as adsorbent to the removal of methyl red (MR) from aqueous solution. The effect of different parameters includes surfactant loading rate, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial MR content was investigated on the sorption. The sorption capacity was increased by increasing the surfactants loading rate up to 120% cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay. The contact time 30 min and pH of 6 were selected as the optimum for the uptake of MR. The maximum uptake capacity was obtained 1428.5 mg/g. The experimental data of the sorption was well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The results show that the HDTMA-modified MMT can be applied as an effective and low cost sorbent for the removal of MR dye from aqueous solution.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72650_b0626d6e5d3fdabf32dd44dc501e6c88.pdf
Adsorption
Montmorillonite
Surfactant
Methyl Red
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
68
77
72651
Utilizing Decision Making Methods and Optimization Techniques to Develop a Model for International Facility Location Problem under Uncertainty
seyed babak ebrahimi
b_ebrahimi@kntu.ac.ir
1
Fahime Rouhiolyaee
fahime_rouhi@ind.iust.ac.ir
2
Maryam Nezhad Afrasiabi
mafrasiabi@mail.kntu.ac.ir
3
Industrial Engineering, K.N.Toosi University of Technology
Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
Industrial Engineering, K.N.Toosi University of Technology
Abstract The purpose of this study is to consider an international facility location problem under uncertainty and present an integrated model for strategic and operational planning. The paper offers two methodologies for the location selection decision. First the extended VIKOR method for decision making problem with interval numbers is presented as a methodology for strategic evaluation of potential countries based on international economic indicators available in the Global Competitiveness Report. Then, regarding these assessments and several quantitative factors, a set covering multi-objective optimization model is presented to consider additional operational criteria in decision making process. An efficient approach for location finding and a novel application of combined VIKOR and global criterion methods can be considered as the main contributions of this paper. Incorporating the theories of international economics in Operations Research models is another contribution of the paper.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72651_2b4e262f0cd801d60190f08e84a38a7f.pdf
Key words international facility location
multi
criteria decision making(MCDM)
covering techniques
Uncertainty
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
78
86
72652
Experimental and Finite Element Simulation of Nano-indentation on Metal Matrix Composites: Hardness Prediction
Ahmed Wagih
eng_awa2011@yahoo.com
1
Mechanical engineering, Girona University
The scientific importance of nanocomposites are being increased due to their improvedproperties. This paper is divided into two parts. First, Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite wasproduced by using ball milling technique followed by cold compaction and sintering.Microstructure and morphology studies were done through SEM, TEM, and EDX anal-ysis on the produced powder. The mechanical properties of the produced compositewere determined by the tensile test. Also, nano-indentation experiment was conductedon the produced composite to determine its hardness. Second, a 2-D axisymmetrymodel was implemented in ANSYS software to simulate the nano-indentation experi-ment on pure aluminum and Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite. A conical indenter with 70.3was considered in simulations. The results show that, a homogenous distribution of thereinforcement in the matrix was achieved after 20 h milling. The elastic modulus, yieldstrength, and the hardness of the produced composite were increased than the puremetal. The FE simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental resultsfor nano-indentation experiment. The scatter of the FE results from the experimentalresults in the pure metal is smaller than that observed for the nanocomposite.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72652_16fbd9a976a498e09dd25f6921a27dfb.pdf
Nanocomposite
Mechanical milling
FE simulation
Hardness
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
87
95
72653
Numerical Simulation of Flash Boiling Effect in a 3-Dimensional Chamber Using CFD Techniques
samad Jafarmadar
jafarmadars@gmail.com
1
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University
Flash Boiling atomization is one of the most effective means of generating a fine and narrow-dispersed spray. Unless its complexity its potential has not been fully realized. In This Paper, a three dimensional chamber has been modeled with a straight fuel injector. Effect of Flash Boiling has been investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. A finite volume approach with the standard k–ε turbulence model has been used to carry out all the computations. The dimensions of studied vortex tubes are kept the same for all models. Finally, some results of the CFD models are validated by the available experimental data which show reasonable agreement, and other ones are compared qualitatively. It was confirmed that flash-boiling effectively accelerated the atomization and vaporization of fuel droplets
https://www.ije.ir/article_72653_d8f8aa035657adc45027eecc0483c698.pdf
Flash Boiling
numerical simulation
bubble nucleation
Fuel properties
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
96
102
72654
Modeling and Simulation of Variable Frequency Pump Control Fatigue Test Machine
Y Liu
shaoxing_yliu@126.com
1
Liang Ke
keliang1983@126.com
2
Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
High-speed maglev train is considered an ideal vehicle in the 21st Century, as an important part of the train, the travel mechanism bears and delivers a variety of vertical and horizontal alternating load in operation, it affects the operation safety of the train directly, so key components of the travel mechanism should under fatigue strength test by fatigue test machine.The paper proposed a variable frequency pump control fatigue test machine for high-speed maglev train, simplified the structure and improved the stability and reliability by using variable frequency pump control technology to regulate the velocity of the motion of hydraulic cylinder. Introduced the operating principle of the system, established the simulation model include frequency converter, electromotor, hydraulic system. The system performance in the cases of variable load and variable speed is analyzed with the SIMULINK of MATLAB. The system is verified correct and feasible by comparing simulation results with the actual situations, finally optimized control performance of the model system by using PID closed-loop controller as well. The variable frequency pump control fatigue test machine achieved high response and high energy efficiency, so it is suitable for fatigue test application.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72654_3f33c268c3ac9863a03f759abe744e9b.pdf
high
speed maglev train
variable frequency
hydraulic
fatigue test machine
SIMULINK
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
103
108
72655
The Study of Deep Drawing of Brass-steel Laminated Sheet Composite Using Taguchi Method
Parastoo Esmaili
esmailip@ymail.com
1
Rezgar Hasanzadeh
re.hasanzadeh@urmia.ac.ir
2
Vahid Modanloo
v.modanloo@urmia.ac.ir
3
Mechanical engineering, Urmia university
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia university
Deep drawing process is one of the most applicable methods in producing industrial parts. In this process, the initial blank deforms to final product using a rigid punch and die. In this investigation, the effect of deep drawing process parameters of brass/steel laminated sheet composites on required forming force has been investigated. The process simulated using finite element method (FEM) and then validated by using experimental results. Afterward, the effect of process parameters including friction coefficient between punch and sheet (punch friction), friction coefficient between die and sheet (die friction), blank holder force and the initial blank diameter all in three different levels investigated using design of experiments (DOE) by Taguchi method. Based on four selected parameters in three levels, experiments performed by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and then the maximum punch force of each experiment was obtained using validated FE model. Signal to noise (S/N) analysis demonstrated that the die friction is the most important parameter in deep drawing of brass/steel laminated sheet that by its reduction, the maximum punch force decreases. Also analysis of variance (ANOVA) results illustrated that the die friction and initial blank diameter are involved 53.1% and 43.4% of contribution on maximum punch force, respectively.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72655_64e51dd46d824d872d743922766bb75a.pdf
Deep drawing
Laminated sheet composite
Finite element method
Taguchi method
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
109
117
72656
Numerical Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Wavy Absorber Solar Collector Based on the Second Law Analysis
Farzad Rahimi
2020farzad@gmail.com
1
Behrooz Ziapour
bmziapour@gmail.com
2
Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Literature about entropy generation analysis of a wavy enclosure is scare. In this paper. a FORTRAN cod using an explicit finite-volume method was provided for estimating the entropy production due to the natural convection heat transfer in a cosine wavy absorber solar collector. The volumetric entropy generation terms both the heat transfer term and the friction term were straightly calculated. The solution was conducted assuming the isothermal boundary conditions of the absorber and the cover of solar collector. the results were obtained for Rayleigh number from 100 to 100000. The simulation results were compared with a flat plate absorber. It was found that, with increasing of the cosine wave amplitude, the collector enclosure irreversibility decreases.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72656_978b431741e4291cdcb2a418a50b6adc.pdf
Entropy generation
Finite
Volume Method
Natural convection
solar collector
Wavy absorber
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
118
126
72657
Fluid Dynamics in a Copper Converter: an Investigation on Mixing Phenomena in an Experimental Model
Mehdi Soozanian Kashani
soozanian@copperworld.net
1
Reza Dehghani Yazdeli
rezadehghani_y@yahoo.com
2
Ghanbar Ali Sheikhzadeh
sheikhz@kashanu.ac.ir
3
, Kashan Copper World Company
Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan
Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan
In this study, the mixing phenomena and fluid dynamics in a copper converter have been experimentally investigated using a physical model. The physical model is a 1:5 horizontal tank made of Plexiglas. The mixing phenomena have been characterized by experimentally measuring the mixing time using a tracer dispersion technique. Moreover, the effects of the air flow rate and lance submergence on the slopping in the model have been studied. The experiments have been carried out for the air flow rates of 10, 15, 17 and 20 lit/min with the lance submergences of 8.5, 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 cm. The results show that the mixing time decreases with increasing both air flow rate and lance submergence. In addition, the slopping reduces as the lance submergence increases while the air flow rate decreases. Based on the results of the mixing time and the slopping, an optimum condition for air injection was obtained which not only ensures the sufficient mixing but also results in the less slopping in the model. Furthermore, the mixing times were evaluated in terms of the specific mixing power. A correlation was established for estimating the mixing time in the model with respect to the specific mixing power.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72657_6e1053773eb931318c1087e2aaa2b908.pdf
Physical Model
experimental study
Copper converter
Mixing time
Slopping
Air Injection
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
127
131
72658
Optimization of Cement Spacer Rheology Model Using Genetic Algorithm (RESEARCH NOTE)
Seyyed Shahab Tabatabaee Moradi
s.sh.tabatabaee@gmail.com
1
Nikolay Nikolaev
nikinik@mail.ru
2
Well drilling, Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Well Drilling, Saint-Petersburg Mining University
The primary cement job is a critical step in successful well completion. To achieve effective cementing job, complete mud removal from the annular is recommended. Spacer and flushers are used widely to achieve this goal. This study is about weighted cement spacer systems containing a surfactant package, weighting agent and rheological modifiers. Weighted spacer systems are utilized when a high formation fluid pressure is expected inside the wellbore. A testing program is conducted in laboratory to determine the spacer fluid rheological properties in different temperatures. The measured rheological properties are estimated using the known rheological models. Each model is firstly optimized using Genetic Algorithm as an optimization tool and then the rheological properties are modeled. The performance of the genetic algorithm is then tested by comparing the real laboratory data and modeled data.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72658_3ad1f9e74543d571a21b340ba838e278.pdf
Cement spacer
Genetic Algorithm
Rheology
high
pressure
tempetrature
eng
Materials and Energy Research Center
International Journal of Engineering
1025-2495
1735-9244
2016-01-01
29
1
132
136
72659
A Mechanism Underlying the Electrical Polarity Detection of Sensitive Plant, Mimosa Pudica
Reza Khanbabaie
rezakhan@uottawa.ca
1
Physics, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Natural indicators of the electrical polarity of a direct current (DC) source is limited to semiconductor based diodes and transistors. Recently a novel bio-natural indicator of the polarity of a DC source have been reported. Mimosa Pudica or sensitive plant is found to be a natural detector of a DC source polarity, however the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not known. This paper aims to develop a physical and engineering based model to explain the mechanism of this phenomenon. This model suggests that spatial placement of ion release sites along the pathway of electric signal is crucial to obtain polarity effects. A combination of this spatial placement of ion release sites and a delay in the opening of K+ ion channel with respect to Cl- ion channel can explain this one-way switch behavior.
https://www.ije.ir/article_72659_68f93efb8661940a67ff91c6f643a833.pdf
Bio
natural polarity indicator
DC electric polarity
Electrical Polarity detector
One
way switch