@article { author = {Vaseghi, Zahra and Najafpour, Ghasem}, title = {A comparison on Lipase Production from Soybean meal and Sugarcane Bagasse in Solid State Fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {171-176}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, solid-state fermentation of two types of agricultural residues/products for lipase production in a tray-bioreactor was investigated. Rhizopus oryzae was used as a potential fungus strain and two types of agricultural residues including soybean meal and sugarcane bagasse were utilized as substrate. Fermentation was carried out in two different operational conditions: one with controlled temperature and humidity and the other without any controlling unit. Lipase activity remarkably increased in the former system using either of substrates; while maximum lipase activities were achieved after 72 hours of fermentation. Also, optimum conditions for lipase activity were identified with cabin temperature of 35 and 45°C, moisture content of 70 and 80%, pH value of 7.0 and 8.0 and water bath temperature of equally 50°C for bagasse and soybean meal, respectively. Maximum lipase activities under optimum conditions were 199.66 and 235.79U/gds for bagasse and soybean meal, respectively.}, keywords = {Lipase,enzyme activity,sugarcane bagasse,soybean meal,Rhizopus oryzae}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72243.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72243_73ea4113b4813902c3d6d61073d998ea.pdf} } @article { author = {-, Budiyono and syaichurrozi, iqbal and Sumardiono, Siswo}, title = {Effect of Total Solid Content to Biogas Production Rate from Vinasse (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {177-184}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Vinasse that has high COD and total solid content is bottom of distillation from unit of bioethanol production Vinasse treatment using anaerobic digestion produced biogas. This research used anaerobic digester-laboratory scale at room temperature and batch system. The purpose of this research was investigation the effect of total solid content to biogas production rate from vinasse, pH profil and COD removal. Initial pH for all variables were adjusted 7 by using NaOH. The result showed that vinasse:water ratio of 1:3 (TS 7.015±0.007%) produced the most total biogas (37.409 mL/g COD) however vinasse:water ratio of 1:2 (TS 9.310±0.014%) had the biggest COD removal (23.580±0.532%) than others. Variables with TS more than 7.015±0.007% caused the overloading in the digester whereas below of that caused unstable in decomposition process. Total solid that was in high level indicated COD content of substrates in high level. The more of COD concentration of substrates in the digester made the more of COD removal after fermentation process at anaerobic condition.}, keywords = {Anaerobic,Biogas,COD,total solid,Vinasse}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72244.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72244_91379a858413e8b2a025a6267f82faa5.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadi, Maedeh and Mohamed, A. R.}, title = {Effect of Organic Substrate on Promoting Solventogenesis in Ethanologenic Acetogene Clostridium ljungdahlii ATCC5538}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {185-194}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Clostridium ljungdahlii is a strictly anaerobic acetogene known for its ability to ferment a wide variety of substrates to ethanol and acetate. This bacterium presents a complex anaerobic metabolism including the acetogenic and solventogenic phases. In this study, the effect of various carbon sources on triggering the metabolic shift toward solventogenesis was considered. The bacterium was grown on fructose, glucose, acetate and ethanol in batch cultures. The fermentation results demonstrated that fructose improved ethanol production (27.1 mM) over acetate (26.3 mM), but glucose was predominantly metabolized to acetate. The bacterial cells were able to either utilize or produce ethanol (25 mM) probably through different metabolic pathways. The presence of acetate as the carbon source in the culture shifted the metabolic pathway of the cells toward solventogenic phase, but ethanol formation was not considerable (3.5 mM). It was also attempted to improve ethanol production yield by varying the fructose concentration (1 to11 g/L) in the batch culture. Under the conditions of substrate depletion or high fructose concentrations, the cell growth declined and the metabolic pathway of C. ljungdahlii was unable to switch from acetogenesis to solventogenesis. The fructose concentration of 5 g/L was found as the suitable concentration to yield an ethanol to acetate molar ratio of 1:1.}, keywords = {Acetate,Clostridium ljungdahlii,Ethanol,Organic substrate,Solventogenesis}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72245.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72245_5368b7b6f4451279b907a4c041c505cb.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadi Ardehali, Reza and Davarnejad, reza}, title = {Modeling of TiO2-water Nanofluid Effect on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {195-202}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper reports a numerical study on the force convection heat transfer and flow characteristics of a nanofluid containing water and Tio2 with various volume fractions (0.002}, keywords = {Nanofluid,Convective heat transfer coefficient,CFD,TiO2,Single phase}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72246.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72246_32e77392d5e001e7bb231e9a96d7fbd8.pdf} } @article { author = {Vossoughi, M. and Alemzadeh, Iran and Heydari, Amir}, title = {Influence of Glycerol and Clay Contents on Biodegradability of Corn Starch Nanocomposites}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {203-214}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, biodegradation of corn starch/glycerol/Na-MMT nanocomposites by soil burial tests were carried out for up to 6 months. Films were prepared by casting method according to central composite design and response surface methodology was applied for analysis of the results. The effects of formulation on the water solubility, contact angle and tensile strength of starch films were investigated. Increasing in Na-MMT content decreased biodegradability; while presence of glycerol, increased it. The effect of nanoparticles content might have been attributed to interactions between starch and Na-MMT that further prevented enzymatic attack on the biopolymer. In addition, the films with higher initial contact angle and lower water solubility revealed slower biodegradation. The effect of glycerol is debated because higher hydrophilicity and weaker mechanical properties enhanced the amylase attack on the samples. Furthermore, weight loss due to soluble matters caused an increase to account of the biodegradability. By increasing in glycerol amount as a water holding agent, the films could store sufficient water content for microbial activities around the buried samples. According to FTIR spectra for partially biodegraded films, the intensity of the peaks associated with starch glycosidic linkages decreased which indicates the action of alpha-amylase produced by soil microorganisms.}, keywords = {Biodegradability,corn starch,Nanocomposite,Response Surface Methodology,Soil burial}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72247.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72247_af3872224710a23cf3a99cac0ae46d8b.pdf} } @article { author = {Borjini, Naceur and kolsi, Lioua and Ghachem, Kaouther and Maatki, Chemseddine and Ben aissia, Habib}, title = {Entropy Generation of Double Diffusive Natural Convection in a Three Dimensional Differentially Heated Enclosure}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {215-226}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Entropy generation of double diffusive natural convection in a three dimensional differentially heated enclosure has been performed numerically. Vertical walls of enclosure are heated differentially and remaining walls are adiabatic. The obtained results were presented via iso-concentration, iso-temperatures, velocity vector projection, particle trajectories, velocity profiles, iso-entropy, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and Bejan numbers at different value of buoyancy ratio (-2 ≤ N ≤ 2) and Rayleigh numbers (103≤ Ra ≤ 105). The Lewis number is fixed at Le = 2. It is found that both Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio play dominant role on entropy generation and heat and mass transfer as well as fluid flow. A special case occurred between -1.5 ≤ N ≤ -1 and complex structure is observed.}, keywords = {Entropy generation,double diffusion,Natural convection,Energy,Three dimensional}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72248.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72248_9aa63e1f92b0a8ee5bf674bba79b9241.pdf} } @article { author = {tanzifi, marjan}, title = {Modification of Polyaniline/Polystyrene and Polyaniline/Metal Oxide Structure by Surfactant}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {227-238}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Polyaniline/polystyrene (PAni/PS) composites were prepared in aqueous solution by polymerization of styrene and aniline in two-stages. Firstly styrene polymerize by using Ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant in the presence of various surfactants such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and surfactive dopant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa). In next stage, aniline polymerize by using potassium iodate (KIO3) as an oxidant in the presence of PS latex. Also, Nanocomposites of polyaniline containing nanometer-size CuO (Copper oxide) and Ag2O (Silver oxide) were synthesized by a chemical method using DBSNa as a surfactant. Products were characterized in terms of particle size, conversion of monomer to polymer, morphology, chemical structure and glass transition temperature that were dependent on the type of surfactant and metal oxide. The chemical structure, morphology and glass transition temperature of product were studied by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X_ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC).The results show that the type and concentration of surfactant, type of metal oxide and concentration of oxidant play a major role on the surface morphology and particle size of products. The size range of the PAni/PS and PAni/metal oxide composites was about 80–240 nm and 70-140 nm, respectively.}, keywords = {Polystyrene,Polyaniline,Surfactant,glass transition temperature}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72249.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72249_6fde8a803122325633db038301326e63.pdf} } @article { author = {khalili, reza}, title = {Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline/Sb2O3 Nanocomposite and its Application to Removal of Pb(ІІ) from Aqueous Media}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {239-246}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Nanocomposite of polyaniline (PAn) containing nanometre size Sb2O3 was prepared in aqueous media in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method at room temperature in the presence of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a surfactant. The ability of product to removal of lead ions from aqueous solution was studied. The chemical structure and morphology were studied by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the Sb2O3 and HPC influence the properties of products. Batch studied was carried out to estimate the influence of pH and contact time to Pb(ІІ) removal percentage. The results show that the PAn/Sb2O3 nanocomposite has a considerable ability removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Optimum conditions for Pb(II) removal were found to pH 3 and equilibrium time 30 minutes. It was also found that the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was better described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.}, keywords = {Polyaniline,Nanocomposite,Pb(II),Removal,Isotherm}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72250.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72250_e7fc62a2a4809deb994b201ef67ce1fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Jamil, M. and Zain, M.F.M. and Sadafi, Nasibeh}, title = {Structural and Functional Analysis of an Industrial, Flexible, and Demountable Wall Panel System (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {247-260}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Building waste is a critical issue in current construction. Innovative design strategies are required to reduce the depletion of valuable materials and resources through providing flexible and versatile structures. This study focuses on the development of an industrial, flexible, and demountable wall panel construction system. The panel system consists of concrete blocks with steel connectors that can be simply assembled and disassembled onsite. This work experimentally investigates the structural response of panels under compressive load. After testing the stability and load-bearing capacity of the designed panels, the construction stage of the walls indicated satisfactory performance with predictable behavior within the installation process. During the experiment, displacement and strain were determined using linear variable differential transducers and strain gauges. Careful visual examination was also performed to observe the formation of cracks in panels. Although the architectural panels were not designed to resist the structural load, results in terms of load-deflection, strain distribution, and crack patterns signify that the panels’ response to the compressive load is satisfactory.}, keywords = {Precast concrete wall panel,Industrial,Flexible and Demountable (IFD) building system,Functional requirements,Structural behaviour}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72251.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72251_1ccf5d51c156e12286e61eccf76b7f35.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirzaei Moghadam, Iman and hashemi, seyed hamid}, title = {Influence of Nano-silica and Polypropylene Fibers on Bond Strength of Reinforcement and Structural Lightweight Concrete (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {261-268}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, first by surveythe parameters affecting the compressive strength, such as water to cement ratio, cementgrade, silica fume to cement percentage, and the various ratios oflight weight aggregate LECA, to total aggregate, Taguchi method is used, to test 9 mix designsobtained the mix design optimization. Since lightweight concrete is brittle like normal concrete, to resolve this problem used polypropylene fibersby0.56% and 1% ratios of concrete volume. Moreover, to improve the mechanical properties and study the effect of Nano-silicain lightweight concrete and its effect on the adhesion between concrete and reinforcement in the mixes containing fibers, 1.5% and 3% Nano-silica will be added. Finally, by survey the test result of specimens at ages 28 and 90 days obtained the best mix to get highest bond strength between lightweight concrete and reinforcement, and it was found that adding fibers and Nano-silica have great effect to improve the bond strength between lightweight concrete and reinforcement.  }, keywords = {Taguchi method,Polypropylene Fibers,Nano,Silica,Bond strength,Optimum mix design}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72252.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72252_f2fdfe44ca844921ee7b755cba21e953.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaifar, Omid and Nateghi, F. and saghaeian, ozra}, title = {Comparison of using Different Modeling Techniques on the Prediction of the Nonlinear Behavior of R/C Shear Walls}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {269-282}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Abstract: Reinforced concrete shear walls have been used throughout the world as known resisting elements for the lateral wind and earthquake loads. They are mostly designed and constructed based on elastic calculations and therefore resulting in un-economical sections. In order to overcome this weakness, scientists have proposed different methodologies to account for the non linear behavior of these walls. However, by using these different models, different results are obtained causing doubts about the domain of their usage. In this paper, three known methods are used for the prediction of the non linear behavior of R/C shear walls and then they are compared together, investigating possibilities and weakness of each method. In doing so, first a nonlinear finite element model has been generated for a quarter-scale wall specimen, calibrated and verified by a well known experimental model and then have been applied to the used analytical models. Results are compared and relatively good agreements are obtained amongst three modeling methods. Thereafter, methods used, procedure, modeling and the analytical results are presented in this paper.}, keywords = {Concrete shear walls,RC walls,Nonlinear behavior,Finite element model}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72253.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72253_0bcaac983bca826cba5cca6242f1157b.pdf} } @article { author = {soleymani, abed}, title = {Investigation of Correlations between Seismic Parameters and Damage Indices for Earthquakes of Iran Region (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {283-292}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Seismic record of an earthquake contains important and significant data about characteristics of a ground motion. In this study, interdependencies between important seismic parameters and three overall structural damage indices including the Bracci index, the modified flexural damage ratio (MFDR) index and the drift index were determined for several records of earthquakes occurred in the Iran. Calculations were done for medium rise concrete frame structures. In next step, seismic parameters that had strongest and weakest interdependencies with three mentioned damage indices were determined by the Spearman and the Pearson correlation coefficients. As the final value of damage indices cannot show the process of member degradation, time variations in the Powell and Allahabadi model were calculated to give a good insight about the behavior of structural members during earthquake.}, keywords = {seismic parameters,Interdependency,Correlation coefficient,Damage index}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72254.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72254_0e117a21f8c9fd9459830d09661a5a95.pdf} } @article { author = {Yapang Gharavi, Sakhi and Abdollahzadeh, Gholamreza}, title = {Analytical and Experimental Investigation of I Beam-to-CFT Column Connections under Monotonic Loading (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {293-306}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, the behavior characteristics of I beam-to-concrete filled tube (CFT) column connection is studied through experiment and finite element models under the monotonic loading. To validate the finite element modeling, at first, an experimental model is made and experimented. After validation of the finite element modeling, different models were created in the software. The studied parameters include the endplate thickness and the connection type. Various types of endplate thickness are studied for bolted and weld connections. For bolted connections, different types of I beam-to-CFT column connections are studied by using the bolts passing and not passing through the CFT section. The Results show that increase in endplate thickness leads to increase in the connection flexural strength and stiffness and decrease in rotation in a specific resistance value.}, keywords = {endplate connection,CFT Column,Moment,rotation curve,I beam,to,CFT column connection}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72255.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72255_2850145943f1bcd424504c302120a073.pdf} } @article { author = {Shooshpasha, I. and Mola-Abasia, H. and Amiri, I.}, title = {Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Methods for Determining the Bearing Capacity of the Driven Pipe Piles (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {307-314}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Determination of the pile capacity is always a major concern for the safe geotechnical engineering design. Different direct and indirect methods have been proposed for determining pile bearing capacity such as static and dynamic approaches. Each method depends on the condition of the soil and type of pile as well as accessibility to necessary information. In this study bearing capacity of driven pipe piles in cohesion soil in project are evaluated. For this purpose the information of 208 driven piles in four sites in total areas of 1500 m2 were obtained. Using this information, dynamic relations of pile bearing capacity in fine grained soil was computed and compared with result of static relations. The results have shown that ENR dynamic relations, modified ENR and new modified ENR have good correlation with static methods.}, keywords = {pile bearing capacity,Driven Pipe Pile,Dynamic Analyses,ENR}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72256.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72256_432087b7c38b7f7c5715fac2f4ebe9b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Poorebrahim, Gholam Reza and Malekpoor, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Behavior of Compacted Lime-soil Columns}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {315-324}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study presents the results of large scale laboratory model tests to investigate the behavior of Compacted Lime – Well-graded Soil (CL-WS) rigid stone columns in soft soils. The  unit cell idealization is used for construction of composite specimens by evaluating the influence of different parameters such as the diameter of the column (D), the slenderness ratio (L/D) and the area ratio (Ar). Experiments were carried out on the both end bearing and floating columns. Load was applied over entire area of the specimens to find the stiffness of the improved ground. Based on the results, it was concluded that CL-WS columns increase the load carrying capacity and reduce the settlement of soft soils. In addition, the results show the influence of model size on the stiffness of the specimens which means that the load carrying capacity decrease by increasing the size of models. However, for specimens containing columns with diameter greater than 100 mm, the variations of stiffness become negligible and hence the results can be used to extrapolate and predict the full size behavior of these columns. The experimental results are compared with results reported in the literature for ordinary stone columns.}, keywords = {soft clay,rigid stone column,lime,load intensity,Settlement}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72257.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72257_bdda1d37441c4b2decf2e158f55bcc43.pdf} } @article { author = {Bakhshandeh, Mohammad Reza and Hakim, Manoochehr and Halali, Mohammad and Dodangeh, Ali}, title = {Leaching Kinetics of Stibnite in Sodium Hydroxide}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {325-332}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Spherical pellets of antimony sulphide were dissolved in 1 molar sodium hydroxide solutions at different temperatures. It was found that the shrinking core with ash layer model could satisfactorily explain the dissolution process. Using this model it was found that initially the rate controlling step is a chemical reaction with activation energy of 10.2 kJ/mol. As the ash layer builds up, diffusion through the ash layer becomes the rate controlling step. The activation energy for this process is 33.4 kJ/mol.}, keywords = {Antimony Sulphide,Alkali Leaching,Dissolution Kinetics,Shrinking Core,Ash Layer}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72258.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72258_2d71be114b46bdec9044ad8ad3e97a1f.pdf} } @article { author = {Akbarzade, S. and Sedighi, K. and Farhadi, M. and ebrahimi, m}, title = {Experimental Investigation of Force Convection Heat Transfer in a Car Radiator Filled with SiO2-Water Nanofluid}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {333-340}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, effect of adding in SiO2 nanoparticle in base fluid (water) in car radiator is investigated experimentally. Radiators are compact heat exchangers that optimized and evaluated by considering different working conditions. Car\\\'s cooling system, plays an important role in vehicle\\\'s performance, consists of two main parts, known as radiator and fan. Radiators are compact heat exchangers that optimized and evaluated by considering different working conditions. Car\\\'s cooling system, plays an important role in vehicle\\\'s performance, consists of two main parts, known as radiator and fan. Improving thermal efficiency of engine leads to increase the engine\\\'s performance, decline the fuel consumption and decrease the pollution emissions. For this purpose, an experimental setup was designed. Effects of fluid inlet temperature, the flow rate and nano particle volume fraction on heat transfer are considered. Results show that Nusselt number increases with increase of liquid inlet temperature, nano particle volume fraction and Reynolds number.}, keywords = {Nanofluid,Experimental procedure,heat exchanger,Radiator,Nusselt Number}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72259.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72259_41775073cc783b01cb91415b6b474562.pdf} } @article { author = {Akhavan Behabadi, M.A. and PIRHAYATI, MAHDI and KHAYAT, MORTEZA}, title = {Convective Heat Transfer of Oil Based Nanofluid Flow Inside a Circular Tube}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {341-348}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Abstract   An empirical investigation was carried out to study convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow inside an inclined copper tube under uniform heat flux condition. Required data are acquired for laminar and hydrodynamically fully developed flow inside round tube. The stable CuO-base oil nanofluid with different nanoparticle weight fractions of 0.5%, 1% and 2% was produced by means of ultrasonic device in two steps method. In this study, the effect of different parameters such as tube inclination, nanofluid weight fraction and Reynolds number on heat transfer coefficient was considered. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid with deferent weight fractions increases with the increase of Reynolds number inside horizontal and inclined round tubes. Also, increasing tube inclination from zero to 60 degree enhances slightly the heat transfer coefficient at same Reynolds number.}, keywords = {Keywords Nanofluid,CuO base oil,heat transfer,Inclination,uniform heat flux,laminar}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72260.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72260_39351212822be2e6f8f6c6db5bb6a063.pdf} }