@article { author = {Soleymani, Ahmad}, title = {High Accuracy Relative Motion of Spacecraft Using Linearized Time-Varying J2-Perturbed Terms}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {323-332}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper presents a set of linearized equations was derived for the motion, relative to an elliptical reference orbit, of an object influenced by J2 perturbation terms. Approximate solution for simulations was used to compare these equations and the linearized keplerian equations to the exact equations. The inclusion of the linearized perturbations in the derived equations increased the high accuracy of the solution significantly in the out-of-orbit-plane direction, while the accuracy within the orbit plane remained roughly unchanged. In fact, it will be determined whether the inclusion of this disturbance provides a significant increase in accuracy over Melton’s problem. By reason of using approximate terms in the solution, for continues accuracy increase of time-varying parameters, this solution could be useful in the element-errors evaluation and analysis of orbital multiple rendezvous or formation flying problem, that are involved to the short-period terms.}, keywords = {approximate solution,relative motion,Spacecraft,time,varying terms,Linearized J2 perturbations,Simulation Results}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72101.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72101_46cee5363d2a25234d929bb6acac6fe5.pdf} } @article { author = {Taheri, M. R. and Soleymani, A. and Toloei, A and Vali, A. R.}, title = {Performance Evaluation of the High-altitude Launch Technique to Orbit Using Atmospheric Properties}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {333-340}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to perform the feasibility and performance evaluation of the High-altitude launch technique using high altitude atmospheric Properties to near earth orbits. The current propulsion transportation system from Earth to space has been deemed by many to be expensive, unreliable, and an unnecessarily dangerous means of travel to space. It is suggested in this paper to analyze a different type of launch from a high altitude to the LEO orbit. Two altitudes serve as the initial launch conditions, 20 to 40 km that is evaluated according to thrust profile variations with respect to vehicle’s weight and under launch different angles. the trajectory equations used in the simulation code also take into consideration Spectral and Diffusive reflection model for near space conditions. The methodology is based on the previously mentioned model that calculates the forces affecting a flat plate as it gains altitude. To summarize the results and conclude, when comparing all cases, a higher altitude with a high T/W ratio and a low angle of attack is more desirable.}, keywords = {High altitude launch,trajectory model,Atmospheric conditions,Performance Evaluation,Thrust to weight ratio (T/W)}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72102.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72102_cfbd8f10ac173bb75c619a788aa5f534.pdf} } @article { author = {Darvizeh, A. and Javaherdeh, kourosh and Amanifard, Nima and Ghalandari, Parvin}, title = {Numerical Simulation of Squeezed Flow of a Viscoplastic Material by a Three-step Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {341-350}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the current work, the mesh free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, was employed to numerically investigate the transient flow of a viscoplastic material. Using this method, large deformation of the sample and its free surface boundary were captured without the cumbersome process of the grid generation. This three-step SPH scheme employs an explicit predictor-corrector technique and the incompressibility characteristic of the material was guaranteed by solving a pressure Poisson equation. The Papanastasiou constitutive model was also utilized in the simulations to study the compression of the sample under both constant load and constant velocity conditions. The no-slip boundary condition was satisfied by projecting the velocity of the viscoplastic material on the wall particles. In order to validate the fidelity of this numerical method during the compression of the samples, the resultant load at constant velocity as well as the height change of the sample for a constant load were computed and compared with other published results. The results indicated that this method could be employed as a reliable technique to simulate such highly deformable viscoplastic deformation of the materials. }, keywords = {SPH,Meshless Method,Viscoplastic Materials,Squeeze Flow}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72103.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72103_00a698efcbede4b1af7b7bad16b9f696.pdf} } @article { author = {Sinaie, Sina and Rezaiee Pajand, M.}, title = {Calibration of Hardening Rules for Cyclic Plasticity}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {351-364}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the realm of multi-axial ratcheting, a step by step mathematical approach is developed for the parameter determination of decomposed kinematic hardening rules. For this purpose, key characteristics are mathematically derived for these hardening rules under multi-axial loading. These characteristics are then utilized to develop expressions which relate the loading history to the accumulated plastic strain. Unlike the calibration techniques available in the literature, this new method does not include trail and error analyses to fit the simulation results to the experimental data. The proposed method is illustrated through a numerical example. The results not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, but also indicate that simple hardening rules, if calibrated accordingly, can be much more efficient than what has been shown before. }, keywords = {Cyclic plasticity,multi,axial ratcheting,Parameter determination,Kinematic hardening,Calibration methods}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72104.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72104_b1814f58b1a747aad89b50b8664fa50a.pdf} } @article { author = {Amirthagadeswaran, K.S. and Senthil, P.}, title = {Enhancing Wear Resistance of Squeeze Cast AC2A Aluminum Alloy}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {365-374}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The effect of squeeze casting process parameters on wear behavior of AC2A aluminium alloy was primarily investigated in this experimental study. Five process parameters, namely squeeze pressure, pouring temperature, die temperature, die material and compression time, each at four levels were chosen and sixteen experimental runs based on L16 orthogonal array were performed. From analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test, it was observed that squeeze pressure, die temperature and compression time were the parameters making significant improvement in wear resistance. A mathematical model relating the effect of significant parameters with wear behavior was developed for the process using nonlinear regression analysis with the help of MINITAB software. Taguchi method, Microsoft XL Solver and MATLAB genetic algorithm were employed to optimize the process. The result show that parametric conditions obtained through the optimization tools exhibit about 20% enhancement in wear resistance compared to gravity casting condition.}, keywords = {AC2A Alloy,Squeeze casting,Wear,Taguchi method,Genetic Algorithm,XL Solver}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72105.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72105_8a7d6cd3e888d5225053e15fd70d409c.pdf} } @article { author = {El-wazery, mahmoud}, title = {Electrical and Mechanical Performance of Zirconia-Nickel Functionally Graded Materials}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {375-382}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present work, six-layered (Zirconia/Nickel) functionally graded materials were fabricated via powder metallurgy technique (PMT). The microstructure, fracture surface and the elemental analysis of the prepared components were studied, and their linear shrinkage, electrical conductivity, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness were evaluated. The results show that the linear shrinkage of the non-graded composites was reduced with the nickel content. The electrical conductivity of the YSZ/Ni was strongly depended on its nickel content. The electrical conductivity as a function of nickel content had a typical ‘S’ shape curve. Vickers’s hardness of YSZ/Ni was lower than that of pure ceramic YSZ and was reduced by decreasing the density of the layer of YSZ/Ni FGM, which was attributed to the pores in intermediate layers in the FGM after sintering stage. Also, the fracture toughness obtained by the non-graded composite increases with an increase in nickel content from 0 % to 50% Ni. The functionally graded materials exhibited a high fracture toughness (31 MPa m1/2) compared to the non-graded composite.}, keywords = {Keywords Functionally Graded Materials (FGM),Powder Metallurgy Technique,Electrical conductivity}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72106.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72106_d93b0b9d329cc234822b5938c839296f.pdf} } @article { author = {Farhadi, Mousa and Baseri, Hamid and jafari, mohammad and Pashaie, Pouya}, title = {Nusselt Number Estimation along a Wavy Wall in an Inclined Lid-driven Cavity using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {383-392}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was developed to determine the Nusselt number (Nu) along a wavy wall in a lid-driven cavity under mixed convection regime. Firstly, the main data set of input/output vectors for training, checking and testing of the ANFIS was prepared based on the numerical results of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Then, the ANFIS was developed and validated using the randomly selected data series for network testing. The applied ANFIS model has four inputs including Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), wavy wall amplitude (A) and inclination angle (θ). Nusselt number (Nu) was the unique output of the ANFIS model. To select the best ANFIS model, the average errors of various architectures for three different data series of training, checking and testing of the main data set are calculated. Results indicated that the developed ANFIS has acceptable performance to predict the Nu number for the cited convection problem. This method can reduce computing time and cost considering acceptable accuracy of results.  }, keywords = {Adaptive Neuro,Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS),Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM),Inclination,Mixed convection,Richardson number (Ri),Nusselt Number (Nu)}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72107.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72107_05f79998410def6ecb851230bc04ea61.pdf} } @article { author = {sanaieei, mahsa and Poursaeidi, Esmaeil}, title = {Life Estimate of a Compressor Blade through Fractography}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {393-400}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Failure analysis of fractured components provides some information about the causes and conditions of fracture. Fractography is an indispensable part of the failure analysis as it is usually the only means by which the failure mechanism can be established. By using fractography, some information such as component’s life, values of the stress intensity factor and the applied stress can be calculated. In this paper, the results of categorized investigations and tests such as chemical analysis and fractography of a failed compressor blade of a Frame 6 type gas turbine engine have been presented. The results showed that the source of initial cracks on the blade is corrosion pitting on the surface of the blade. The failure mechanism is high cycle fatigue. Crack growth rate has been calculated from striation spacing and has been compared with the numerical solution. The stress intensity factor range and the applied stress range have also been calculated and compared with numerical results. Fractographic analysis and numerical computations are consistent with each other.}, keywords = {compressor blade,Fatigue life,Fractography,striation spacing}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72108.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72108_fb2d054a0ae0a57f4213b76619c6d2d2.pdf} } @article { author = {Raja, Kandasamy and Marimuthu, Perumal and chandrasekaran, kamaraj}, title = {Prediction Model for CNC Turning on AISI316 with Single and Multilayered Cutting tool Using Box Behnken Design (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {401-410}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Austenitic stainless steels (AISI316) are used for many commercial and industrial applications for their excellent corrosive resistance. AISI316 is generally difficult to machine material due to their high strength and high work hardening tendency. Tool wear (TW) and surface roughness (SR) are broadly considered the most challenging phases causing poor quality in machining. Optimization of cutting parameter is essential for the reaching of high quality. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) and experimental design are applied as an alternative to conventional methods for the optimization of a CNC turning process.  Box Benken design (BBD) is used to build a model for predicting and optimizing the CNC turning process. SR and TW of the multilayer coated cutting tool for CNC turning of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316) under are taken as responses for analysis. Statistical check indicates that the model is sufficient for representing the experimental data.}, keywords = {CNC turning,Surface roughness,Tool Wear,Box Benken design,ANOVA}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72109.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72109_0580b40a35e4083b9d6e3f1e344a80e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Latifi Rostami, S.A.}, title = {Buckling Analysis of Composite Lattice Cylindrical Shells with Ribs Defects}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {411-420}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this paper, the buckling behavior of a composite lattice cylindrical shell is studied and effects of rib defects on the distribution of stress field and buckling response of the shell is investigated. A three dimensional finite element buckling analysis of the lattice shell is carried out using ANSYS suit of program. Geometrical data and material properties of the shell are obtained from the specimens made by filament winding method. Effects of various parameters including the geometrical ratios, defects of ribs on buckling response of the shell are studied. Buckling loads of composite lattice cylindrical shells under axial and shear forces have been obtained experimentally and results are compared with finite element results.}, keywords = {Composite,Buckling,Rib defect,Finite Element}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72110.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72110_8af9cafbcb9d23ea149cb0d5756bc4b0.pdf} } @article { author = {kadkhodayan, mehran and maarefdoust, mahdi}, title = {Elastoplastic Buckling Analysis of Plates Involving Free Edges by Deformation Theory of Plasticity (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {421-432}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Abstract   In this paper elastoplastic buckling of rectangular plates with different boundary conditions are investigated. Differential governing equations of plate are obtained on the basis of general loading and according to deformation theory (DT) of plasticity. Various loading conditions contain uniaxial, biaxial and shear are studied. The employed material is AL7075T6 which is usually used in the aerospace industry. A wide range of aspect ratio and plate thickness are investigated. The Generalize Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is used as the numerical method to analysis the problem. The obtained results from using deformation theory of plasticity are in good with experimental data. An extensive parametric study for the effects of different aspects ratios, loading ratios, transverse shear deformations, thickness ratios and various boundary conditions on the buckling coefficient are presented.}, keywords = {Deformation Theory,Loading Ratio,Elastoplastic Buckling,Aspects Ratio,GDQ}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72111.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72111_10c12fcafd569c71000c26e23edb19aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Naderi, Abusaleh and Saidi, Ali and Hasani Baferani, Abolfazl}, title = {On Symmetric and Asymmetric Buckling Modes of Functionally Graded Annular Plates under Mechanical and Thermal Loads}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {433-446}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present article, buckling analysis of functionally graded annular thin and moderately thick plates under mechanical and thermal loads is investigated. The equilibrium and stability equations of the plate are obtained based on both classical and first order shear deformation plate theories. By using an analytical method, the coupled stability equations are converted to independent equations which can be solved analytically. Solving the decoupled equations and satisfying the boundary conditions yield an eigenvalue problem to find the critical buckling load and/or temperature. Both symmetric and asymmetric modes of buckling and thermal buckling of functionally graded annular plates are investigated. The results show that the buckling mode number may vary with the variation of power law index, annularity and radius-thickness ratio. Finally, the effects of annularity, plate thickness and power law index on buckling load/temperature of functionally graded annular plates are investigated and the buckling mode shapes are plottedN}, keywords = {Annular plate,Functionally Graded Material,Buckling,Thermal buckling,Symmetric and asymmetric modes}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72112.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72112_4df17805fb49e80581108296e12d0dd4.pdf} } @article { author = {Malekfar, R. and Basir Jafari, S.}, title = {Validation of Shell Theory for Modeling the Radial Breathing Mode of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {447-454}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this paper, the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is studied based on the thin shell theory. For this purpose, SWCNT is considered as an elastic thin cylindrical shell. The dynamic equation of RBM is derived using the Hamilton’s principle. An analytical solution of the RBM frequency of SWCNT is obtained. The advantage of this formulation is that it shows the dependency of the RBM frequency to the mechanical properties of SWCNT, clearly. These investigations are very important to predict the accurate vibrational characteristics of SWCNTs which have potential applications in nanotube-filled nanocomposites that are used as sound absorbers. To show the accuracy of this work, the RBM frequencies of 40 different SWCNTs are obtained in excellent agreement with the available experimental results with relative errors less than 1%. Also, the RBM frequencies predicted by the present shell model are compared with those obtained by the other researchers based on the density-functional theory (DFT), and three-dimensional (3D) elasticity theory. The results emphasize the utility of thin shell theory for modeling and vibrational behaviour of the RBM frequency of SWCNT.}, keywords = {Analytical Solution,Elastic Thin Shell Theory,Hamilton’s Principle,Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) Frequency,Single,Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72113.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72113_28dc3cf96882f71fd71ad68aa64c9a0f.pdf} }