@article { author = {Nwigbo, Solomon C and Ihueze, Christopher C. and okafor, Emeka}, title = {Optimization of Hardness Strengths Response of Plantain Fibres Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composites (PFRP) Applying Taguchi Robust Design}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Volume fraction of fibres (A), aspect ratio of fibres (B) and fibres orientation (C) are considered as control factors in the determination of hardness strength, hardness strength of plantain fiber reinforced polyester composites (PFR P). These properties were determined for plantain empty fruit bunch (PEFB) and plantain pseudo stem (PPS). Hardness tests were conducted on the replicated samples of PEFB fiber reinforced polyester composite and PPS fiber reinforced polyester respectively using Archimedes principles in each case to determine the volume fraction of fibers. To obtain the optimum properties being investigated a Monsanto tensometer were used to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. Taguchi robust design technique was applied for the greater the better to obtain the highest signal to noise ratio (SN ratio) for the quality characteristics being investigated employing Minitab 15 software. The optimum values of the control factors are established for empty fruit bunch composites and for pseudo stem fiber composite. The empty fruit bunch fiber reinforced polyester matrix composite has the maximum hardness strength of 19.062N/mm2 and a mean design strength of 17.978N/mm2, while the pseudo stem plantain fiber reinforced matrix composite has the maximum hardness strength of 18.655 N/mm2 and a mean design strength of 18.0385N/mm2. The properties studied depend greatly on the reinforcement combinations of control factors.}, keywords = {composite matrix,plantain fiber,robust design,Hardness strength,Taguchi}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72065.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72065_9aafe5d6a6ea371610bb1bee5494e4d4.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdipoor, Mohammad Sadegh and Rahimipour, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Comparative Study of Plasma Sprayed Yittria and Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Properties}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {13-18}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Thermal Barrier Coatings are subjected to spallation and destabilization due to hot corrosion.Recently, Ceria Stabilized Zirconia (CSZ)-based TBCs have been intensively investigated for the YSZreplacement because CSZ has a much lower thermal conductivity and a higher expected thermalexpansion coefficient than those of YSZ. In this research, Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) andceria stabilized zirconia (ZrO2 25CeO2 2.5Y2O3) TBCs were fabricated, followed by hot corrosiontests with a Na2SO4+V2O5 salt at 1050 °C. The treated samples were characterized using XRD andSEM equipped with EDS. From studies on microscopic failure behavior, the formation of YVO4 crystalsand the amount of phase transformations of tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic lead to degradation ofcoatings. Results revealed that CSZ TBCs were better resistant to hot corrosion than YSZ TBCs. Theamount of YVO4 crystals and monoclinic ZrO2 in YSZ are much more than CSZ which leads soonerdegradation of YSZ than CSZ. The strength of the Adhesive coatings of the substrate was alsomeasured in this study.}, keywords = {Thermal Barrier Coatings,Hot Corrosion,Bond strength}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72066.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72066_6b689ddfa69d374ea85ecab2140f58fe.pdf} } @article { author = {sadeghi, ali asghar}, title = {Multi-step Electrophoretic Deposition of α-Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Carbon Substrate (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {19-24}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {in the present study, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to obtain dense and crack-free layers of Al2O3 on carbon substrate. Microstructural study of the obtained layers by scanning electron (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) approved that crack-free layers can be obtained by EPD technique. According to obtained results, isopropanol is a suitable media to obtian compact layers which is attributed to unique properties of this media. The crack- free layers were obtained using multi-step electrophretic depostion while using continous EPD process led to the deposition of severly cracked layers. It seems that cracking behaviour of electrophoretically deposited films depends on drying conditions.}, keywords = {Electrophoretic deposition,Carbon,coating,Al2O3 nanoparticle}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72067.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72067_03ac7abc01b23239c28568ecf728ee4b.pdf} } @article { author = {Habibi, N. and Mahmoudi, A.H. and Majzoobi, G.H. and Farrahi, G. H.}, title = {Fatigue Life of Repaired Welded Tubular Joints}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, the effect of repair on fatigue life of tubular joints is investigated. Six cracked specimens precedently subjected to fatigue loading undergone to weld repair. Two of those specimens were shot peened before primary fatigue loading.  It is shown that repair gives rise to about 150% increase in fatigue life for original specimens while the increase of fatigue life for shot-peened and repaired specimens is around 105%. The in depth residual stresses are measured on the repaired joints before and after fatigue loading. It can be stated that repair made a remarkable improvement into fatigue behaviour of tubular joints examined in this investigation. However, if repair is not possible, shot peening can be a good alternative to improve the fatigue life of welded joint but if repair is planned, shot peening may not be financially or technically justifiable.}, keywords = {fatigue,Repair,Welded joint,Residual Stress,Shot Peening}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72068.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72068_eda1f6e0b5964dab9eaa4a6a2221f9aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Youzbashi, Amir Ali and Tayebifard, Seyed Ali and aminikia, behzad}, title = {Investigation of Phase Evolution of TiC-TiB2 Nanostructure Fabricated by MASHS (RESEARCH NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Nanocomposite of titanium diboride/titanium carbide was fabricated by combustion synthesis of mechanically milled reactant powders. The stoichiometric mixture of Ti and B4C as starting materials milled for 1, 3, 6 and 9 h. Milled powders pressed to form pellets then green compacts were placed in a tube furnace that preheated to 1100 oC in inert atmosphere (Ar).The samples were investigated by XRD and SEM analysis after different milling times and synthesis process. TiC and TiB2 were not formed during milling process. But analysis of synthesized samples showed TiC was the first formed phase and followed by TiB2, whereas other phases were not detected in the samples that pre- milled for 6 and 9 h. The increasing of milling time helped significantly to improve distribution of TiB2 in products. The crystallite size of TiB2 and TiC in the composite based on milled powder for 9 h calculated 46.2 nm and 34.6 nm respectively.}, keywords = {TiC,TiB2,Nanocomposites,SHS,B4C,TE,Mechanically,Activated}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72069.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72069_b625ae244b6408f9e695cf9b255e30a8.pdf} } @article { author = {hosseini, seyed mohsen and fadaei, moslem}, title = {Characteristics of Particleboard Made from Sedar Chips and Wood Slabs (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {39-44}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was Characteristics of manufacture particleboard (PB) from sedar and wood slab of impregnated with UF. The chips were divided into coarse chips with dimensions of 2-4 mesh and fine chips of 30–60 mesh, urea formaldehyde (UF) resin solution at concentrations of 45 %, and 55% sprayed on these chips about 1 min until 10% to dry weight chips, they were dried under 5% moisture in a dram dryer before impregnated with resin. Three-layer mats with target densities of 0.70 g/cm3 were formed by using fine chips for the face layer (20%) and back layer (20%) and coarse chips for the core layer (60%). A conventional hot press was used for fabrication of the PB, and the temperature, pressure and pressing time were 2.7 MPa, and 240 sec, respectively. The nominal dimensions of particleboard were 3660×1830×16 mm (thick).Result showed that the mechanical properties of PB increased with an increase in the percent of UF. Their represented could by efficacy between proportion of sedar with slab, Also percent of surface with core layers. The bending strength, internal bonding strength, and thickness swelling (%) of the UF-impregnated particleboards exhibited excellent performances compared to those made in the past}, keywords = {Mechanical properties,Thickness Swelling,Particleboard,Sedar,slab}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72070.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72070_d125526cf22074772a4573c4ee835907.pdf} } @article { author = {hosseini, seyed mohsen and fadaei, moslem}, title = {Properties of Particleboard Made from UF with Low-formaldehyde (E1) (TECHNICAL NOTE)}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {45-50}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to manufacture particleboard made from UF with low formaldehyde (E1) for use in indoor environments. The influence of UF in particles on the formaldehyde emission and its mechanical properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that the formaldehyde emission released decreased linearly with consumption UF-low formaldehyde- particle. Formaldehyde emission was below 0.3 mg/L when the weight percentage of UF particles was up to 60%. The formaldehyde emission from urea-formaldehyde resin-impregnated paper overlaid particleboard was 17% lower than UF ordinary (E2) for particleboard. Because, the bending strength, internal bonding strength decreased with increasing low-formaldehyde UF. However, the percentage thickness swelling of the particleboard decreased with increasing UF-low formaldehyde. In addition, there were significant positive relationships between the UF-low formaldehyde and the bending strength and internal bonding strength of the particleboard, which allowed evaluation of the properties of the particleboard made with UF-low formaldehyde}, keywords = {Mechanical properties,UF,Particleboard,Formaldehyde}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72071.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72071_c9b3f927f644bd5952a02823c24944a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadzadehtalatapeh, Mohammad and Yat Huang, Yau}, title = {Fully Fresh Air Air-conditioning System Equipped with Double Heat Pipe Based Heat Recovery Technology}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {51-58}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The using of double heat pipe based heat exchanger (HPHX) in a conventional fully fresh air air-conditioning (AC) system was examined in the present study. The fabricated HPHXs were tested under the actual conditions and the measured data were used to study the performance of the existing AC system (System A) and AC system equipped with the double HPHX (System B) for a yearly operation through modeling in the TRNSYS software. Simulation results showed that the System B with the six and eight-row HPHXs, could maintain the air conditions within the recommendations; however, it was found that the System B with double eight-row HPHXs is superior in terms of energy savings.}, keywords = {heat pipe based heat exchanger,Air,conditioning system,energy savings,TRNSYS software}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72072.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72072_76505e24114ec8816e5fa1d1713c2746.pdf} } @article { author = {Kahrom, Mohsen and Ghassabi, Ghodrat}, title = {Optimization of Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Domestic Gas Burner Based on Pareto Genetic Algorithm: Experimental and Numerical Approach}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {59-72}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {The present study attempts to improve heat transfer efficiency of a domestic gas burner by enhancing heat transfer from flue gases. Heat transfer can be augmented using the obstacles that are inserted into the flow field near the heated wall of the domestic gas burner. First, to achive the maximum efficiency, the insert geometry is optimized by the multi-objective genetic algorithm so that heat transfer is maximized while minimizing the skin frication. Then, the heating unit is modeled as a three dimensional physical domain. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species are discretized over the meshing system of control volumes in the domain. The experimental set-up is equally established to measure and validate the numerical results. The effect of the inserts on heat transfer enhancement is studied both numerically and experimentally. The results show that the optimal insert is a triangle with the scaled area of 12.4 mm2. Also, the results indicate that the optimal inserts led to the improvement of heat transfer efficiency by 2.7% compared with the case of similar environment with no insert.}, keywords = {Pareto front,Heat transfer efficiency,Skin friction,Reynolds Analogy,Probability Density Function}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72073.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72073_1b927e601a50a872db06d9d67c1e7caf.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafarmadar, samad}, title = {Experimental Studying the Effect of EGR Distribution on the Combustion, Emissions and Perforemance in a Turbocharged DI Diesel Engine}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {73-82}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of experimental work carried out to evaluate the distribution of cold and hot exhaust gas recirculation between cylinders in a DI diesel engine. The experiments have been conducted on a 3.99 liters turbocharged DI diesel engine under full load condition at 1900rpm in order to distinguish and quantify some effects of hot and cooled EGR with various rates on the EGR distribution and engine parameters. Experimental results showed that with increasing of EGR rate, unequal EGR distribution was increased in inlet port of cylinders while the reducing of EGR temperature (cooled EGR) improved this distribution and decreased the EGR cylinder-to-cylinder variations.}, keywords = {Diesel engine,Exhaust Gas Recirculation,EGR distribution,EGR temperature,Combustion,emissions}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72074.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72074_c7c6e8bc41f2414b4942d94a9f3ca2e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Barati, Mahmoud and Poursina, Mehrdad and Amini, Behnaz and Hassanpour, Korosh}, title = {The Effect of Normal Anisotropy on Thin-Walled Tube Bending}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {83-90}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Thin-walled tube bending has common applications in the automobile and aerospace industries. The rotary-draw-bending method is a complex physical process with multi-factor interactive effects and is one of the advanced tube forming processes with high efficiency, high forming precision, low consumption and good flexibility for bending angle changes. However, it may cause a wrinkling phenomenon, over thinning and cross-section distortion if the process parameters are inappropriate. Wrinkles propagate in thin-walled tube, but in some cases, localize in a finite zone and lead to failure. Wrinkling prediction in thin-walled tube bending processes has been an important and challenging subject in the related industry. In this paper, the plastic deforming behavior and wrinkling mechanism for a thin-walled tube is simulated and the results are compared with the available experimental ones. Next, the effect of anisotropy on ovalization, thickness and wrinkling of tube is investigated using FEM. Numerical results are presented showing the effects of the various kinds of materials and geometric parameters on wrinkling using anisotropic yield function.}, keywords = {Thin,walled tube,Normal Anisotropy,wrinkling,FEM}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72075.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72075_0b2c8f1db36d150a11e0bdf1d7bf3345.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdul Ghani, Mohamad and Suprayogi, Dedy and Yaakob, Omar and Tawi, Kamarul}, title = {Experimental Studies on Savonius-type Vertical Axis Turbine for Low Marine Current Velocity}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {91-98}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {Renewable energy resources need to be explored to maintain and meet energy demand and replace the slowly depleting fossil fuels.  Malaysia, surrounded by sea with long coastlines, is poised to exploit the potential of this energy. This research work aims at designing a suitable device to extract energy from Malaysian sea current.  Malaysia’s ocean has a low current velocity averaging 0.56 m/s, which is below the working velocity of presently available current energy devices.  To overcome this velocity limitation, a Savonius-type Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine (VAMCT) design was proposed.  The experiment to measure the torque of a Savonius-type turbine, which hitherto has been used for wind energy application, is presented in this paper.  The laboratory experiment was carried out in the towing tank facility in Marine Technology Laboratory at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.  The Savonius model was attached to the towing carriage and current flow was simulated by moving the carriage in still water. The results show that turbine with double stacking rotors each with two paddles and overlap ratio of 0.21 give the best performance.}, keywords = {ocean energy,Renewable Energy,marine current energy}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72076.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72076_522154de6ca4bec45296fcd266fa1671.pdf} } @article { author = {Zamankhan, Piroz and Montazeri, Reza}, title = {Two and Three Dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation of Magnetite Nanoparticle Based Ferrofluids}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {99-104}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Materials and Energy Research Center}, issn = {1025-2495}, eissn = {1735-9244}, doi = {}, abstract = {We have simulated a magnetite nanoparticle based ferrofluid using Monte Carlo method. Two and three dimensional Monte Carlo simulations have been done using parallel computing technique. The aggregation and rearrangement of nanoparticles embedded in a liquid carrier have been studied in various particle volume fractions. Our simulation results are in complete agreement with the reported experimental observations. We have also checked the accuracy of our results with the predictions of theoretical expressions. In addition, we have applied the distributed computing method to reduce the run time of the program}, keywords = {ferrofluid,Monte Carlo simulation,particle volume fraction,chain and cluster}, url = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72077.html}, eprint = {https://www.ije.ir/article_72077_498efc5652282adc1315fe4082e4df02.pdf} }