Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using Pilot Scale Tricking Filter
Iran
Alemzadeh
Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
author
M.
Vossoughi
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
author
text
article
1992
eng
A pilot scale trickling filter and secondary sedimentation are used to evaluate the feasibility of this process for the treatment of raw dairy waste. The BOD in the raw waste of 252 to 1200 mg/l is reduced 50-73% by a single stage and a further 17-55% by sedimentation tank. Treatment efficiencies are determined at various waste strengths and influent flow rates. With a loading rate of 5-12 kg BOD/m3 per day the average BOD reduction is between 50-60%. The average effluent suspended solid is 15 mg/I and lactose is removed completely hut total nitrogen is reduced approximately 30% for the entire study.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
77
80
https://www.ije.ir/article_71061_ac79aa4e85baaba084d74d38d264ddb1.pdf
Computer Aided Design for Single-Phase Induction Motors Based on a New Gemoetrical Approach
Jawad.
Faiz
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran
author
text
article
1992
eng
Design of electrical motors normally involves two main stages: i) Preparation of the main dimensions and parameters. ii) Prediction of the performance. At the first stage the main dimensions of the motor, core stack Lfe and stator outer diameter Do, must be chosen. A set of performance conditions such as breakdown torque, desired output and other important parameters must satisfy the international standard requirements or the specific requirements of the electric motor manufacturer. In order to meet the design objectives regarding the performance, the dimensions and the construction types are chosen, and then the cost within the constraints are imposed by manufacturing standard. The output of an electrical machine can be generally expressed as the product of Lfe, Do and a coefficient Co. at the beginning of the design process, the designer does not know a number of the required parameters, which are incorporated in Co, but these parameters may be determined based on the performance calculations. The present paper considers the various factors affecting the choice of iron and copper volume in the motor. It shows how the geometrical parameters can alter the performance of the motor.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
81
90
https://www.ije.ir/article_71062_33f37c66163e2cce03720b3543a17780.pdf
Basic Issues in Identification Scheme of a Self-Tuning Power System Stabilizer
H.
Seifi
Electerical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University
author
text
article
1992
eng
Power system stabilizers have been widely used and successfully implemented for the improvement of power system damping. However, a fixed parameter power system stabilizer tends to be sensitive to variations in generator dynamics so that, for operating conditions away from those used for design, the effectiveness of the stabilizer can be greatly impaired. With the advent of microprocessor technology an adaptive controller, a controller which adapts itself to the changes in system dynamic characteristics, offers an attractive proposition in power system control. The heart of the so-called an adaptive self-tuning power system stabilizer is its identification scheme by which unknown system controller parameters are estimated. This paper addresses some of the basic issues in implementation of a recursive least square estimator, when applied to an unknown power system. Digital simulation results are presented.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
91
98
https://www.ije.ir/article_71063_6f31300a4cdfd07be791e3a25e13fe63.pdf
Thermodynamic Investigation of Copper Removal From Liquid Slag.
M. H.
Abbasi
Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
author
text
article
1992
eng
The removal of copper dissolved in liquid stags by pyrometalIurgical means such as gaseous reduction and sulfidization is thermodynamically investigated. The lowest level possible for copper content is theoretically determined and compared. The results show that gaseous reduction is not as effective as sulfidization. Slags with very low levels of dissolved copper can be obtained with sulfide treatment. Effects of temperature, slag and matte composition have also been investigated.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
99
104
https://www.ije.ir/article_71064_373a4fe615e911b5aee498398620f9da.pdf
The Effects of ZrO2 or Tic on the Performance of the Alumina-Based Ceramic Cutting Tools
M.R.
Piramoon
author
A.
Kianvash
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
1992
eng
Two types of alumina-based cutting tools with compositions of 90 vol.% Al2O3+10 vol.% ZrO2 and 80 vol.% A12O3+20 vol.% TiC are produced by isostatic pressing and sintering technique. The effects of these additives on the mechanical properties and cutting performance of these materials are investigated. The tool life in both materials is examined under identical conditions on cutting a grey cast Iron of grade 14. At a cutting speed of 550 m/min., a feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev., and a cutting depth of 2 mm, the material containing TiC with an optimal tool life of 27 minutes, is found to be superior to the ZrO2 containing material which had an optimal tool life of 25 minutes. The possible role of these additives on the performance of these materials are discussed.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
105
112
https://www.ije.ir/article_71065_52990b715e8e0d0d4f765814d44d4c0e.pdf
Theoretical, Scientific and Practical Aspects of the Basic Stages of Cad Cam Designing of Centrifugal Pumps
V.
Karakhanjan
, GIDR0MASH Concern, 2 Vtoraya Mytischinskaya UL.
author
text
article
1992
eng
Many theoretical and practical problems arise at different stages of the design/manufacturing process during development of a pump. The experience obtained in pump development proves that the quality of a pump depends on many factors, which should he satisfied to receive good results. At the same time, the theory of engineering design principles exists, which is applicable to designing various objects. The said theory can show the optimal way fulfill the task [1,2]. There is a great need in a special advanced pump designing theory which would include all the features required for this branch of industry. The described approach should also combine sufficiently high theoretical level with practice. The presented paper is an attempt to find on invariant abstract solution for certain procedures related to structural analysis and design of pump parts, groups of parts and assemblies.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
113
118
https://www.ije.ir/article_71066_36234906ef8c19dadee705ff1baa4169.pdf
Comparision of Perforation Theories and Some Experimental Results
G.
Liaghat
Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University
author
text
article
1992
eng
In this paper it is shown that the variety of mathematical models proposed, such as Nishiwaki [1], Recht and Ipson [2], Lambert and Jonas [3], Awerbuch and Bodrer [4], Nixdorf [5] and the modified analysis given by the author in earlier papers [6,7] almost all adhere to one basic form This shows clearly the relationship between the striking velocity WI, the residual velocity Wf, and the ballistic limit velocity WB It is also shown that in the case of modified analysis [6,7] Equation (1) may be easily applied to the preformation of double and multilayer targets. The computed results also shown a good correlation with experiments.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
119
128
https://www.ije.ir/article_71067_a76379e9f49a7249fa39611ca00ccfa9.pdf
Dual-Fuelling of a Direct-Injection Automotive Diesel Engine by Diesel-Gas Method
A.
Mohammadi Kosha
, University of Tabriz
author
V.
Pirouzpanah
Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
1992
eng
Use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in compression-ignition (C-I) engines has always been considered important in the diesel engineering field. This is due to its easy accessibility and good combustion characteristics. In this paper the application of LPG fuel along with diesel oil in a direct- injection automotive diesel engine is experimentally investigated. In order to convert the pure diesel engine into a diesel-gas one, a carbureted LPG fuel system has been designed and fitted into the engine. Then by means of a system of rods, the LPG system is linked to the diesel fuel injection system. The dual- fuel system is adjusted so that, at full load conditions, the quantity of diesel oil is reduced to 70%, and 30% of its equivalent energy is substituted by LPG fuel. Performance tests conducted under various loads and speeds on both diesel and diesel-gas engines, show that with equal power the diesel-gas engine has the potential to improve overall engine performance. For example, within useful speed range, its fuel economy increases by 2-5% and the amount of smoke and mean exhaust gas temperature are reduced by 25-48% and 3.5 -7.2% respectively. Also various proportions of LPG and diesel oil are investigated. It is found that the ratio of 30% LPG/70% diesel oil is the most suitable one. The experimental results verify the predicted results, obtained from a diesel-gas engine cycle model.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
129
136
https://www.ije.ir/article_71068_309b9ddb3a65fcc45289fd003af2d1ce.pdf
Modified Kremser Equation for Plate Type Gas Absorberin Non-Isothermal Operation (RESEARCH NOTE).
M.
Chalkosh Amiri
Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
author
text
article
1992
eng
For non-isothermal operation in plate type gas absorber, the temperature changes and number of ideal trays can be determined with recourse to graphical method. In this paper there is an analysis illustrating that a Modified Kremser Equation can be used for plate type gas absorber in non-isothermal operation.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
137
138
https://www.ije.ir/article_71069_ff3033ada6f69f6901596548bfed9c97.pdf
Evaluation of Scattering Parameters (RESEARCH NOTE).
S.M.
Hosseini
Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
1992
eng
A simple algorithm is presented for evaluating scattering parameters of a two-port network. This technique uses the indefinite admittance matrix to calculate scattering or any other desired set of two-port parameters.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
139
140
https://www.ije.ir/article_71070_99edf860e8c1053034b3b4fdfde732a2.pdf
Computer Simulation of the Performances of Solar Ponds in Iran (RESEARCH NOTE).
A.R.
Toutounchi
Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
1992
eng
The Rab1-Nielsen formulas are used to make predictions for solar pond operations for four locations situated in different solar insulation zones in Iran. The inputs to the computer program for determining the temperature variation at the bottom of the pond are the total insulation (corrected for cloudiness). ambient temperature, insolating layer thickness, convection layer thickness and load. The mean, the amplitude of the varying part, and the phase of the temperature at the bottom is the output of the program. The computer simulations show that solar ponds may be promising as solar collectors for space heating in most parts of Iran.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
5
v.
3
no.
1992
141
144
https://www.ije.ir/article_71071_c9071c62a9a3e0f7a42380c390179b36.pdf