Reliability and Performance Evaluation of Fault-aware Routing Methods for Network-on-Chip Architectures (RESEARCH NOTE)
text
article
2014
eng
Nowadays, faults and failures are increasing especially in complex systems such as Network-on-Chip (NoC) based Systems-on-a-Chip due to the increasing susceptibility and decreasing feature sizes. On the other hand, fault-tolerant routing algorithms have an evident effect on tolerating permanent faults and improving the reliability of a Network-on-Chip based system. This paper presents reliability and performance evaluation of two main kinds of fault-aware routing algorithms, deterministic and adaptive, used in Network-on-Chip architectures. The investigated methods have a multi-level structure for fault-tolerance and therefore, each level can be separately evaluated. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods, we propose an analytical approach for reliability assessment based on combinatorial reliability models to show the effect of fault-aware routing algorithms on overall NoC reliability. However, for performance evaluation, we conduct extensive simulations on different applications.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
509
516
https://www.ije.ir/article_72279_97552d60e77287b06845c905103908ea.pdf
Dual Phase Detector Based Delay Locked Loop for High Speed Applications
Gholamreza
Ardeshir
Elect & Computer Engineering, Babol Nooshirvani University of Technology
author
Mohammad
Gholami
Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Mazandaran
author
text
article
2014
eng
In this paper a new architecture for delay locked loops will be presented. One of problems in phase-frequency detectors (PFD) is static phase offset or reset path delay. The proposed structure decreases the jitter resulted from PFD by switching two PFDs. In this new architecture, a conventional PFD is used before locking of DLL to decrease the amount of phase difference between input and output of DLL. Near locking an XOR gate is employed to act as a PFD which make the DLL lock with fewer jitter. Also, by using XOR gate the reset path time and glitch will be decreased. In addition, the proposed architecture is designed in TSMC 0.18um CMOS Technology. The simulation results support the theoretical predictions.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
517
522
https://www.ije.ir/article_72280_e68bf3c93a524eeef41535c6e27baf0a.pdf
Numerical Solution of Optimal Control of Time-varying Singular Systems via Operational Matrices
Mahmoud
Behroozifar
Basic Science, Babol University of Technology
author
Abolfazl
Ranjbar Noei
, Babol University of Technology
author
Sohrabali
Yousefi
, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2014
eng
In this paper, a numerical method for solving the constrained optimal control of time-varying singular systems with quadratic performance index is presented. Presented method is based on Bernste in polynomials. Operational matrices of integration, differentiation and product are introduced and utilized to reduce the optimal control of time-varying singular problems to the solution of algebraic equations set. The method converges to the exact solution and gives very accurate results. llustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the technique and convergence of method to the exact solution especially for unstable singular systems.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
523
532
https://www.ije.ir/article_72281_d4bf04cd8b0e270839ca361918b24017.pdf
Optimal Design of the Cross-docking in Distribution Networks: Heuristic Solution Approach
S.M.
Mousavi
Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University
author
B.
Vahdani
Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Tehran
author
Reza
Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Industrial Engineering, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2014
eng
A design problem of cross-docking distribution networks is addressed as a new research area in logistics management. This paper presents a new mathematical model for the location of cross-docking facilities and vehicle routing scheduling problems in distribution networks. For this purpose, a two-phase mixed-integer programming (MIP) is formulated. Then, a new heuristic-based simulated annealing (SA) is developed for solving the proposed MIP model. Finally, the presented heuristic algorithm is subsequently tested on a number of small and large-scale instances. The computational results for different-sized instances illustrate that the proposed algorithm performs effectively in the reasonable time.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
533
544
https://www.ije.ir/article_72282_1381c21ad879e88010f9212f3a15a77b.pdf
A New Nonlinear Multi-objective Redundancy Allocation Model with the Choice of Redundancy Strategy Solved by the Compromise Programming Approach
Ali Asghar
Tofigh
author
Roya
Soltani
Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University
author
text
article
2014
eng
One of the primary concerns in any system design problem is to prepare a highly reliable system with minimum cost. One way to increase the reliability of systems is to use redundancy in different forms such as active or standby. In this paper, a new nonlinear multi- objective integer programming model with the choice of redundancy strategy and component type is developed where standby strategy is of cold type. In the proposed model, system’s reliability is maximized along with minimizing system’s cost and weight. The proposed model contributes to the literature by determining the redundancy strategies concurrently with determining redundancy levels and component types. The multi-objective model is solved using the mathematical compromise programming technique for different Lp metrics and produces different Pareto solutions.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
545
552
https://www.ije.ir/article_72283_8acf0c2ce1509afccad2a75f85405b70.pdf
Reliability Analysis of Three Elements Series and Parallel Systems under Time-varying Fuzzy Failure Rate
Eman
El-Ghamry
mathematics, faculty of science
author
Faheem
Abbas
author
Medhat
El-damcese
Mathematics, Tanta University
author
text
article
2014
eng
Reliability is the most important performance issue in the engineering design process but in the real world problems, there are limitations for using the conventional reliability. Fuzzy logic has proved to be effective in expressing uncertainties in different fields, including reliability engineering. In this paper, For both the series and parallel systems composed of three identical or different elements, The reliability has been analyzed using the fuzzy concepts and some characteristics such as the mean time to failure have been evaluated, taking in our account that all the operating units have increasable time varying failure rates with fuzzy triangular membership functions. This paper includes a numerical example to illustrate the model and validate the analytical results.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
553
560
https://www.ije.ir/article_72284_34eef138b521e6ceaecf88e274f9f6ba.pdf
Optimal Process Adjustment with Considering Variable Costs for Uni-variate and Multi-variate Production Process (RESEARCH NOTE)
Elham
Ahmadi
Industrial Engineering, Yazd University
author
text
article
2014
eng
This paper studies a single-stage production system, two-stage production system where specification limits are designed for inspection. When quality characteristics fall below a lower threshold or above an upper threshold, a decision is made to rework or scrap the item. The target is to determine the optimum target for a process based on rework or scrap costs. In contrast to previous studies, costs are not assumed to be constant. This paper provides Markovian model for optimum process target levels. Numerical examples are performed to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
561
572
https://www.ije.ir/article_72285_a58511c5868cf0c63bde694632914914.pdf
Modeling of the Capacitated Single Allocation Hub Location Problem with a Hierarchical Approch (TECHNICAL NOTE)
Ehsan
Korani
Industral Engineering, Shahed University
author
Ali Reza
Eydi
Industrial Engineering, University of Kurdistan
author
text
article
2014
eng
The hierarchical hub covering facility location problems are applied to distribution systems, transportation, waste disposal, treatment services, emergency services and remote communication. The problems attempt to determine the location of service providers' facilities at different levels and specify their linking directions in order to reduce costs and to establish an appropriate condition in distribution network. By utilizing these problems, the present paper attempts to allocate "capacitated" option to each provider service and consequently establish and choose the best possible condition, so that demands centers are rationally and effectively guided by service providers' centers and their request never remains without response. To do this, the model "the capacitated single allocation hierarchical hub median location problem" is developed, created and provided. In addition, considering increasing demand, modulating choices are addressed in order to fulfill the future needs and to impose uncertainty in decision making in the results. To validate the model, we used LAD data, which the results confirms its consistency
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
573
586
https://www.ije.ir/article_72286_8fa21360df0e30085a279d68f93a4176.pdf
A Robust Model for a Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing System with Production Planning
Mandana
Sakhaii
Industrial Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
Reza
Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Industrial Engineering, University of Tehran
author
Behdad
Vatani
Electrical Engineering, Semnan University
author
text
article
2014
eng
In this paper, a robust optimization approach is proposed to design a dynamic cellular manufacturing system (DCMS) under uncertainty of processing time of products. In addition, a mathematical model considering cell formation, inter-cell design and production planning under a dynamic environment (i.e., product mix and demand are changed in each period) is presented. Therefore, reconfiguration becomes necessary for one period in relative with previous periods. The aim of this model is to minimize inter and intra-cell material handling movements, inventory holding, back order and reconfiguration costs. Furthermore, alternative routing for each part is considered, in which one of its routing with the lowest cost is chosen among its other routings for each part. Finally, a numerical example is solved to demonstrate the behavior of the presented model and verify the performance of the developed approach.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
587
598
https://www.ije.ir/article_72287_420ae9c7d798e80a20ce2f734705dc62.pdf
Modeling and Availability Analysis of Internet Data Center with various Maintenance Policies
Mangey
Ram
Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248002
author
VIJAY
SINGH
Mathematics, North West University, Kano, Nigeria
author
text
article
2014
eng
In this paper, the authors have focused on the stochastic analysis of an internet data center (IDC), which consists of a database main server connected to a redundant server. Observing the different possibilities of functioning of the system, analysis has been done to evaluate the various reliability characteristics of the system. The system can completely fail due to failure of redundant server before repair of database server, router failure and switch failure. The system can also fail completely due to a cooling failure or some natural calamity like earthquake, fire etc. All the failure rates are assumed constant while the repairs follow two types of distributions namely general and Gumbel-Hougaard family copula.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
599
608
https://www.ije.ir/article_72288_f47fb1444042c6c1980201790b7f14d1.pdf
UV-Vis Absorption and Luminescence Spectrum of LAS: Tb3+/Gd3 as a Laser Material (TECHNICAL NOTE)
aida
faeghinia
Ceramic Department, Material and Energy Research C, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
author
text
article
2014
eng
This article discusses details study on crystallization , optical properties of Li-Al-Si-La glass containing nanocrystalline LaF3.and their optical energy gaps. The Urbach energy of glass samples was evaluated. By using (2% mole) Tb the green–blue range emission occurred, while by accumulation 1% mole Gd beside Tb, the indigo emission intensity (418 to 441 nm) increased.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
609
614
https://www.ije.ir/article_72289_14f58bb1c12365534e99fd12eb97a25b.pdf
Synthesis of Al2O3-ZrO2 Nanocomposite by Mechanical Activated Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis(MASHS) and Ignited via Laser
Seyed Ali
Tayebifard
Semiconductors Department, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
author
M.R.
Vaezi
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
author
Monireh
Ganjali
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
author
Somayeh
Asgharpour
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Material and Energy Research Center(MERC)
author
text
article
2014
eng
By consideration of unique properties of composite Al2O3-ZrO2 such as high toughness, high wear resistant and relative low thermal expansion, in this study, nanocomposite of Al2O3-ZrO2 was produced by Mechanical activated Self propagating High-temperature Synthesis (MASHS) using laser beam for ignition. First Al and ZrO2 powders were mixed in the mole ratio of 1:1 and milled for 1, 3 and 6 hours. Then the mixtures were pressed and were exposed by continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser for starting combustion reaction. To find the specifications of the products X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used. The XRD results show that samples have α-Alumina and also cubic and monoclinic phases Zirconium oxides together. The dendrite structures were formed during the process.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
615
620
https://www.ije.ir/article_72290_3775e7bd67e94c525ec86acc56fa4e14.pdf
Effect of Gas Mixture H2-N2 on Microstructure and Microhardness of Steel 32CDV13 Nitrided by Plasma
Said
Benramache
VTRS Laboratory, Institute of Technology, University of El-Oued 39000, Algeria
author
Abdelouahed
Chala
material sciences, university of Biskra
author
Okba
Belahssen
material sciences, Univeristy of Biskra
author
Djamel
Bensahal
mechanics, University of Laghouat
author
text
article
2014
eng
Nitriding treatments of low alloyed steels can be performed only at relatively low temperatures in order to avoid a decrease of corrosion resistance due to nitride layers formation. These conditions promote the formation of the compound layer and diffusion zone, which shows high hardness and good corrosion resistance. In the present paper, the influence of the gas mixture N2-H2 in plasma nitriding process on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of 32CDV13 steel samples was evaluated. This nuance is used in manufacturing mechanical pieces that are greatly solicited in fatigue as the transmission gearings on the helicopters’ rotors and the rolling used in aeronautic. Plasma nitriding treatments were performed at temperatures in the range 773 K for 4 h. The modified surface layer of the nitrided samples consists mainly of the γ’ and ε phases, according to metallographic technique analysis, it seems to be essentially a modification of the austenite matrix. High hardness values are observed in the modified layer with a steep decrease to matrix values.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
621
624
https://www.ije.ir/article_72291_d0b13bdf6d6fa186c0c82e1dafc4011f.pdf
Effect of Mechanical Milling on the Morphologyand Structural Evaluation of Al-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Powders
Ahmed
Hassan
author
M.
Abd El-Hamid
Mechanical engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt
author
Ahmed
Wagih
Mechanical engineering, Girona University
author
Adel
Fathy
Department of Mechanical Design and Production Eng, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University
author
text
article
2014
eng
The morphological and microstructural changes during mechanical milling of Al powder mixed with 2.5, 5 and 10 wt.% Al2O3 particles were studied. The milling was performed in a planetary ball mill for various times up to 20 h. The produced composite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) to elucidate the role of particle size, secondary phase content and milling time on grain size and lattice strain of Al matrix. The aluminum crystallite size estimated with broadening of XRD peaks by Williamson–Hall formula. To investigate the morphological changes by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results show that the addition of hard Al2O3 particles accelerates the milling process, leading to faster work hardening rate and fracture of the aluminum matrix. Furthermore, Al becomes smaller crystallite size during ball milling of Al powder in the presence of Al2O3 particles. The results revealed that the grain size of milled powders was about 45 nm with a noticeable presence of agglomerates. Uniform distribution of nano-sized Al2O3 particles in the Al matrix could be achieved with increasing milling time.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
625
632
https://www.ije.ir/article_72292_58b4829e4822f9f85d383a31e450819c.pdf
Static Pull-in Analysis of Capacitive FGM Nanocantilevers Subjected to Thermal Moment using Eringen’s Nonlocal Elasticity
Ghader
rezazadeh
mechanical engineering, Urmia university
author
Hadi
Madinei
Mecanical Engineering, Urmia University
author
Mohammad-reza
Zamanzadeh
Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University
author
Ilgar
Jafarsadeghi-pournaki
mechanical engineering, urmia university
author
text
article
2014
eng
This paper aims to investigate the pull-in phenomenon of functionally graded (FG) capacitive nanocantilevers subjected to an electrostatic force and thermal moment due to an applied voltage and thermal shock considering intermolecular force within the framework of nonlocal elasticity theory to account for the small scale effect. The FG nano-beam is made of mixture of metal and ceramic which the material properties vary continuously through the thickness according to an exponential distribution law (E-FGM). The nonlocal elastic behavior is described by the differential constitutive model of Eringen, which enables the present model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanosensors. The nano-beam is modeled assuming the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the equations are derived using the equilibrium of an element. A Galerkin-based step by step linearization method has been used to solve the governing static deflection equation. The present solution is validated with existing results reported in previous studies. The effects of temperature change, Van der Waals (VdW) or Casimir force and small scale factor on the five types of FG nano-beams are discussed in detail. The results indicate that VdW/Casimir force and thermal moment reduce the pull-in voltage, however, on the contrary, small scale effect cause to slightly increase the amount of pull-in voltage.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
633
642
https://www.ije.ir/article_72293_fea79d9f5c4a32893d6de839c414e171.pdf
Hydroelastic Vibration of a Circular Diaphragm in the Fluid Chamber of a Reciprocating Micro Pump
rasoul
shabani
mechanical engineering, Urmia university
author
saeed
tariverdilo
Civil Eng., Urmia Univ.
author
iraj
mirzaie
Mechanical Engineering Department, Urmia University
author
vahid
Gharebagh
Mechanical Engineering Department, Urmia University
author
Farzin
G. Golzar
Mechanical Engineering Department, Urmia University
author
text
article
2014
eng
Reciprocating diaphragm micro-pumps are the most common type among indirectly–driven micro-pumps. They operate by reciprocating the diaphragm with associated check valves. This paper addresses the Hydroelastic vibration of circular elastic diaphragm interacting with the incompressible and inviscid liquid inside the cylindrical chamber with a central discharge opening. Taking into account axisymmetric vibration of the diaphragm, the fluid pressure exerted upon the plate is formulated using linear Bernoulli’s equation. The kinematic and compatibility conditions are incorporated into the elastic vibration of the circular plate to derive the governing eigen-matrix equation. Numerical results are presented for different materials for diaphragm (silicon and glass) and pumped liquid (water and methanol). Normal frequencies of the coupled system, wet mode shapes of diaphragm, and fluid oscillation modes are presented in numerical simulations. It is seen that the hydroelastic interaction lowers the natural frequencies considerably where the wet mode shapes for diaphragm vibration are very similar to the dry mode shapes. Finally the effects of chamber height and operating fluid density on the normal frequencies are illustrated for the lowest four modes. Keywords: Micro-pump, Hydroelastic vibration, Circular plate
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
643
650
https://www.ije.ir/article_72294_21b6beb1f5d32dc95197193e484d13f3.pdf
Improvement of the Solvent Extraction of Rhenium from Molybdenite Roasting Dust Leaching Solution using Counter-current Extraction by a Mixer-settler Extractor (TECHNICAL NOTE)
Mostafa
Hosseinzadeh
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Shahid Bahonar
author
Mehdi
Alizadeh
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Material and Energy Research Center
author
text
article
2014
eng
Continuous counter-current extraction of rhenium from roasting dust leach liquor was carried out using a mixer-settler extractor. Tributylphosphate was used as the extractant diluted in kerosene. The effects of the flow rates and extraction stages number were investigated. The extraction efficiency was affected by the flow rates of the aqueous and organic phases, and its mechanism was qualitatively discussed on the basis of the stoichiometric relation of the extraction. Also, rhenium extraction mass balance and simulation in the mixer settler was studied. A high rhenium percentage extraction (95.43%) in phase ratio 1:1 was achieved using a countercurrent four-stage extraction process. The continuous counter-current extraction technique is used in this research work is shown to be effective for rhenium extraction from the leach solutions of the dust of molybdenite roasting furnaces.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
651
658
https://www.ije.ir/article_72295_a239a7cf55a8d61fa145981504c813ef.pdf
Analysis of the Impact of Managed Pressure Drilling Technology on Current Casing Program Design Methods (TECHNICAL NOTE)
Kai
Wei
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(EAST CHINA)
author
Hongning
Zhang
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(EAST CHINA)
author
Huizeng
Zhang
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(EAST CHINA)
author
Zhichuan
Guan
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(EAST CHINA)
author
Yuqiang
Xu
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(EAST CHINA)
author
text
article
2014
eng
This paper analyzed the characteristics of managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology and impact of wellhead back pressure on the wellbore annulus pressure profile, and found that the application of this technology provides room for improvement to the current casing program design. Meanwhile, the equivalent density of drilling fluid in wellbore annulus needs to consider the impact of back pressure. On this basis, established methods of casing program design for top-down design approach and multi-pressure system formation in MPD. Though comparing and analyzing the results of casing program design in MPD and conventional drilling, it can be concluded that: for the top-down design method, each layer of casing can reach a deeper depth, even can reduce the casing level; for the multi-pressure system formation, using wellhead back pressure to make the wellbore annulus pressure profiles bend, so that it can cleverly pass through the complex formation which needs multi-layer intermediate casings in conventional drilling, and then the well structure can be simplified.
International Journal of Engineering
Materials and Energy Research Center
1025-2495
27
v.
4
no.
2014
659
666
https://www.ije.ir/article_72296_1cb22b76a80f025681ae69953ec6640c.pdf